HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Eccles, J. C. Articles by Sasaki, K. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Eccles, J. C. Articles by Sasaki, K.

1. A single climbing fibre makes an extraordinarily extensive synaptic contact with the dendrites of a Purkinje cell. Investigation of this synaptic mechanism in the cerebellum of the cat has been based on the discovery by Szentagothai & Rajkovits (1959) that the climbing fibres have their cells of origin in the contralateral inferior olive.

2. Stimulation in the accessory olive selectively excites fibres that have a powerful synaptic excitatory action on Purkinje cells in the contralateral vermis, evoking a repetitive spike discharge of 5-7 msec duration. Almost invariably this response had an all-or-nothing character. In every respect it corresponds with the synaptic action that is to be expected from climbing fibres.

3. Intracellular recording from Purkinje cells reveals that this climbing fibre stimulation evokes a large unitary depolarization with an initial spike and later partial spike responses superimposed on a sustained depolarization.

4. Typical climbing fibre responses can be excited, but in a much less selective manner, by stimulation of the olive-cerebellar pathway in the region of the fastigial nucleus, there being often a preceding antidromic spike potential of the Purkinje cell under observation.

5. Impaled Purkinje cells rapidly deteriorate with loss of all spike discharge, the climbing fibre response being then reduced to an excitatory post-synaptic potential. This potential shows that stimulation of the inferior olive may evoke two or more discharges at about 2 msec intervals in the same climbing fibre. The complexity of neuronal connexions in the inferior olive is also indicated by the considerable latency range in responses.

6. A further complication is that, with stimulation in the region of the fastigial nucleus, the initial direct climbing fibre response is often followed by a reflex discharge, presumably from the inferior olive, which resembles the responses produced by inferior olive stimulation in being often repetitive.

7. Typical climbing fibre responses have been evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation and frequently occur spontaneously.

8. An account is given of the way in which the responses evoked by climbing fibres in the individual Purkinje cells can account for the potential fields that an inferior olive stimulus evokes on the surface and through the depth of the cerebellar cortex.

9. By the application of currents through the recording intracellular electrode it has been possible to effect large changes in the excitatory post-synaptic potential produced by a climbing fibre, it being diminished and even reversed with depolarizing currents and greatly increased by hyperpolarizing currents.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. T. Davie, B. A. Clark, and M. Hausser The Origin of the Complex Spike in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells J. Neurosci., July 23, 2008; 28(30): 7599 - 7609. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P Plaha, S Khan, and S S Gill Bilateral stimulation of the caudal zona incerta nucleus for tremor control J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, May 1, 2008; 79(5): 504 - 513. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Zhuang, F. Xu, and D. T. Frazier Hyperventilation evoked by activation of the vicinity of the caudal inferior olivary nucleus depends on the fastigial nucleus in anesthetized rats J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1351 - 1358. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Zagha, E. J. Lang, and B. Rudy Kv3.3 Channels at the Purkinje Cell Soma Are Necessary for Generation of the Classical Complex Spike Waveform J. Neurosci., February 6, 2008; 28(6): 1291 - 1300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. W. J. Bosman, H. Takechi, J. Hartmann, J. Eilers, and A. Konnerth Homosynaptic Long-Term Synaptic Potentiation of the "Winner" Climbing Fiber Synapse in Developing Purkinje Cells J. Neurosci., January 23, 2008; 28(4): 798 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Resibois, A. Coppens, and L. Poncelet Naturally Occurring Parvovirus-associated Feline Hypogranular Cerebellar Hypoplasia A Comparison to Experimentally-induced Lesions Using Immunohistology Vet. Pathol., November 1, 2007; 44(6): 831 - 841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Maruta, R. A. Hensbroek, and J. I. Simpson Intraburst and Interburst Signaling by Climbing Fibers J. Neurosci., October 17, 2007; 27(42): 11263 - 11270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Piochon, T. Irinopoulou, D. Brusciano, Y. Bailly, J. Mariani, and C. Levenes NMDA Receptor Contribution to the Climbing Fiber Response in the Adult Mouse Purkinje Cell J. Neurosci., October 3, 2007; 27(40): 10797 - 10809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Letellier, Y. Bailly, V. Demais, R. M. Sherrard, J. Mariani, and A. M. Lohof Reinnervation of Late Postnatal Purkinje Cells by Climbing Fibers: Neosynaptogenesis without Transient Multi-Innervation J. Neurosci., May 16, 2007; 27(20): 5373 - 5383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Chorev, Y. Yarom, and I. Lampl Rhythmic Episodes of Subthreshold Membrane Potential Oscillations in the Rat Inferior Olive Nuclei In Vivo J. Neurosci., May 9, 2007; 27(19): 5043 - 5052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. E. McKay, J. D. T. Engbers, W. H. Mehaffey, G. R. J. Gordon, M. L. Molineux, J. S. Bains, and R. W. Turner Climbing Fiber Discharge Regulates Cerebellar Functions by Controlling the Intrinsic Characteristics of Purkinje Cell Output J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2007; 97(4): 2590 - 2604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Walter and K. Khodakhah The Linear Computational Algorithm of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells J. Neurosci., December 13, 2006; 26(50): 12861 - 12872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Ackerley, J. Pardoe, and R. Apps A novel site of synaptic relay for climbing fibre pathways relaying signals from the motor cortex to the cerebellar cortical C1 zone J. Physiol., October 15, 2006; 576(2): 503 - 518. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. B. Miles, N. L. Cerminara, and D. E. Marple-Horvat Purkinje cells in the lateral cerebellum of the cat encode visual events and target motion during visually guided reaching J. Physiol., March 15, 2006; 571(3): 619 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. A. Blenkinsop and E. J. Lang Block of Inferior Olive Gap Junctional Coupling Decreases Purkinje Cell Complex Spike Synchrony and Rhythmicity J. Neurosci., February 8, 2006; 26(6): 1739 - 1748. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Baker and S. A. Edgley Non-uniform olivocerebellar conduction time in the vermis of the rat cerebellum J. Physiol., February 1, 2006; 570(3): 501 - 506. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Khavandgar, J. T. Walter, K. Sageser, and K. Khodakhah Kv1 channels selectively prevent dendritic hyperexcitability in rat Purkinje cells J. Physiol., December 1, 2005; 569(2): 545 - 557. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kimura, M. Sugimori, and R. R. Llinas Purkinje cell long-term depression is prevented by T-588, a neuroprotective compound that reduces cytosolic calcium release from intracellular stores PNAS, November 22, 2005; 102(47): 17160 - 17165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. P. Welsh, H. Yamaguchi, X.-H. Zeng, M. Kojo, Y. Nakada, A. Takagi, M. Sugimori, and R. R. Llinas Normal motor learning during pharmacological prevention of Purkinje cell long-term depression PNAS, November 22, 2005; 102(47): 17166 - 17171. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Offenhauser, K. Thomsen, K. Caesar, and M. Lauritzen Activity-induced tissue oxygenation changes in rat cerebellar cortex: interplay of postsynaptic activation and blood flow J. Physiol., May 15, 2005; 565(1): 279 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Swensen and B. P. Bean Robustness of Burst Firing in Dissociated Purkinje Neurons with Acute or Long-Term Reductions in Sodium Conductance J. Neurosci., April 6, 2005; 25(14): 3509 - 3520. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ariel Latencies of Climbing Fiber Inputs to Turtle Cerebellar Cortex J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2005; 93(2): 1042 - 1054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. L. Cerminara and J. A. Rawson Evidence that Climbing Fibers Control an Intrinsic Spike Generator in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells J. Neurosci., May 12, 2004; 24(19): 4510 - 4517. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Pardoe, S. A. Edgley, T. Drew, and R. Apps Changes in Excitability of Ascending and Descending Inputs to Cerebellar Climbing Fibers during Locomotion J. Neurosci., March 17, 2004; 24(11): 2656 - 2666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Miyazaki, K. Hashimoto, H.-S. Shin, M. Kano, and M. Watanabe P/Q-Type Ca2+ Channel {alpha}1A Regulates Synaptic Competition on Developing Cerebellar Purkinje Cells J. Neurosci., February 18, 2004; 24(7): 1734 - 1743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Feil, J. Hartmann, C. Luo, W. Wolfsgruber, K. Schilling, S. Feil, J. J. Barski, M. Meyer, A. Konnerth, C. I. De Zeeuw, et al. Impairment of LTD and cerebellar learning by Purkinje cell-specific ablation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase I J. Cell Biol., October 27, 2003; 163(2): 295 - 302. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. Swensen and B. P. Bean Ionic Mechanisms of Burst Firing in Dissociated Purkinje Neurons J. Neurosci., October 22, 2003; 23(29): 9650 - 9663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Nicholson and J. H. Freeman Jr. Developmental Changes in Evoked Purkinje Cell Complex Spike Responses J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2003; 90(4): 2349 - 2357. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. H. Barmack and V. Yakhnitsa Cerebellar Climbing Fibers Modulate Simple Spikes in Purkinje Cells J. Neurosci., August 27, 2003; 23(21): 7904 - 7916. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Martina, G. L. Yao, and B. P. Bean Properties and Functional Role of Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels in Dendrites of Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons J. Neurosci., July 2, 2003; 23(13): 5698 - 5707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Scelfo, P. Strata, and T. Knopfel Sodium Imaging of Climbing Fiber Innervation Fields in Developing Mouse Purkinje Cells J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2003; 89(5): 2555 - 2563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Long, M. R. Deans, D. L. Paul, and B. W. Connors Rhythmicity without Synchrony in the Electrically Uncoupled Inferior Olive J. Neurosci., December 15, 2002; 22(24): 10898 - 10905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Millar, H. Bradacs, M. P. Charlton, and H. L. Atwood Inverse Relationship between Release Probability and Readily Releasable Vesicles in Depressing and Facilitating Synapses J. Neurosci., November 15, 2002; 22(22): 9661 - 9667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Genet and B. Delord A Biophysical Model of Nonlinear Dynamics Underlying Plateau Potentials and Calcium Spikes in Purkinje Cell Dendrites J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2002; 88(5): 2430 - 2444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Lang GABAergic and Glutamatergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Motor-Cortex-Evoked Complex Spike Activity J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1993 - 2008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Leznik, V. Makarenko, and R. Llinas Electrotonically Mediated Oscillatory Patterns in Neuronal Ensembles: An In Vitro Voltage-Dependent Dye-Imaging Study in the Inferior Olive J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2804 - 2815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Carter, K. E. Vogt, K. A. Foster, and W. G. Regehr Assessing the Role of Calcium-Induced Calcium Release in Short-Term Presynaptic Plasticity at Excitatory Central Synapses J. Neurosci., January 1, 2002; 22(1): 21 - 28. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ito Cerebellar Long-Term Depression: Characterization, Signal Transduction, and Functional Roles Physiol Rev, July 1, 2001; 81(3): 1143 - 1195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Arts, C. I. De Zeeuw, J. Lips, E. Rosbak, and J. I. Simpson Effects of Nucleus Prepositus Hypoglossi Lesions on Visual Climbing Fiber Activity in the Rabbit Flocculus J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2000; 84(5): 2552 - 2563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Sugihara, Y. Bailly, and J. Mariani Olivocerebellar Climbing Fibers in the Granuloprival Cerebellum: Morphological Study of Individual Axonal Projections in the X-Irradiated Rat J. Neurosci., May 15, 2000; 20(10): 3745 - 3760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Dittman, A. C. Kreitzer, and W. G. Regehr Interplay between Facilitation, Depression, and Residual Calcium at Three Presynaptic Terminals J. Neurosci., February 15, 2000; 20(4): 1374 - 1385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. R. Kay, M. Sugimori, and R. Llinas Kinetic and Stochastic Properties of a Persistent Sodium Current in Mature Guinea Pig Cerebellar Purkinje Cells J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1998; 80(3): 1167 - 1179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. S. Dittman and W. G. Regehr Calcium Dependence and Recovery Kinetics of Presynaptic Depression at the Climbing Fiber to Purkinje Cell Synapse J. Neurosci., August 15, 1998; 18(16): 6147 - 6162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Yang, C. Iadecola, and F. M. Faraci Activation of Cerebellar Climbing Fibers Increases Cerebellar Blood Flow : Role of Glutamate Receptors, Nitric Oxide, and cGMP • Editorial Comment: Role of Glutamate Receptors, Nitric Oxide, and cGMP Stroke, February 1, 1998; 29(2): 499 - 508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Fushiki and N. H. Barmack Topography and Reciprocal Activity of Cerebellar Purkinje Cells in the Uvula-Nodulus Modulated by Vestibular Stimulation J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 3083 - 3094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. O'Hearn and M. E. Molliver The Olivocerebellar Projection Mediates Ibogaine-Induced Degeneration of Purkinje Cells: A Model of Indirect, Trans-Synaptic Excitotoxicity J. Neurosci., November 15, 1997; 17(22): 8828 - 8841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. Raman and B. P. Bean Resurgent Sodium Current and Action Potential Formation in Dissociated Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons J. Neurosci., June 15, 1997; 17(12): 4517 - 4526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Bal and D. A. McCormick Synchronized Oscillations in the Inferior Olive Are Controlled by the Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Current Ih J Neurophysiol, June 1, 1997; 77(6): 3145 - 3156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. I. De Zeeuw, S.K.E. Koekkoek, D.R.W. Wylie, and J. I. Simpson Association Between Dendritic Lamellar Bodies and Complex Spike Synchrony in the Olivocerebellar System J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1997; 77(4): 1747 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. I. De Zeeuw, E. J. Lang, I. Sugihara, T. J. H. Ruigrok, L. M. Eisenman, E. Mugnaini, and R. Llinas Morphological Correlates of Bilateral Synchrony in the Rat Cerebellar Cortex J. Neurosci., May 15, 1996; 16(10): 3412 - 3426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Williams, S. R. Christensen, G. J. Stuart, and M. Hausser Membrane potential bistability is controlled by the hyperpolarization-activated current IH in rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons in vitro J. Physiol., March 1, 2002; 539(2): 469 - 483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]