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1. A technique is described for working with isolated sheets of rumen epithelium. Epithelium was obtained at operations for rumen fistulation or in acute experiments and was rapidly mounted between two cone-shaped chambers each of which held 40 ml. of bathing fluid. The fluids were gassed with 95% O₂/5% CO₂ and 20 cm² of epithelium was exposed to the fluids.

2. Electrical measurements were made of (a) the potential generated across the epithelium, (b) the short-circuit current which flowed and (c) the resistance of the epithelium.

3. The results are grouped according to the composition of the sheep Ringer solution used to bathe the epithelium. The most stable preparation was obtained when the solutions contained 5 mM each of glucose, acetate, propionate and butyrate as well as bicarbonate and phosphate buffers.

4. In Cl^- media, the average initial p.d., short-circuit current (s.-c.c.) and resistance were 9·3 mV, 11·6 µA/cm² and 1156 . cm² respectively. Higher values of 17·6 mV, 17·3 µA/cm² and 1501 . cm² were recorded in SO₄^2- media. In both media, the s.-c.c. declined at approximately 1·5 µA/cm².hr and preparations were suitable for study over periods from 4 to 6 hr.

5. When the concentration of potassium was varied on either side of the epithelium at constant [Na⁺], the potential showed a linear relation with log [K⁺] for both sides of the epithelium.

6. Changing the sodium concentrations at constant [K⁺] on either side of the epithelium caused negligible alterations in the potential.

7. Exclusion of sodium from the media bathing both sides of the epithelium abolished the potential and s.-c.c.

8. The addition of ouabain to the blood side of the preparation abolished the potential and s.-c.c. whereas on the rumen side these parameters were unaffected.

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