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1. A study has been made of the oxygen consumption of non-myelinated nerve fibres of rabbit desheathed cervical vagus nerves at rest and during activity.

2. The average resting oxygen consumption (Q_r) was 0·0924 µmole/g. min at 21° C. Stimulation for 1-3 min at 3/sec caused an extra oxygen consumption (Q_s) of 816 p-mole/g.shock.

3. When the frequency of stimulation was increased, to 10/sec and 30/sec, Q_s fell. When the frequency was decreased, to 1/sec and 0·3/sec, Q_s increased slightly.

4. When the temperature was decreased, Q_r fell; when the temperature was increased, Q_s also increased. Temperature similarly affected Q_s with high frequencies of stimulation, but had relatively little effect on Q_s at low frequencies of stimulation.

5. An isolated single shock seemed to produce an increase in oxygen consumption of about 1200 p-mole/g, and this value was largely independent of temperature.

6. When part of the sodium in the Locke solution was replaced by barium, Q_r decreased (by 12%) whereas Q_s increased (by 87%).

7. Veratrine (1 µg/ml.) increased both Q_r (by 142%) and Q_s (by 361%).

8. Acetylcholine (1·7 mM) increased Q_r (by 32%).

9. When nerves were transferred to potassium-free solutions there was little change in Q_r, and Q_s fell slightly (by 8%).

10. When the potassium concentration in the Locke solution was increased 4-fold, Q_r increased (by 27%).

11. Salicylate (1-10 mM) increased Q_r (by 24%) and abolished Q_s.

12. When the sodium of Locke solution was replaced by lithium, Q_r decreased (by 19%) and Q_s was abolished.

13. In sodium-Locke solution ouabain (100 µM) decreased Q_r (by 26%) and abolished Q_s. In lithium-Locke solution ouabain also decreased Q_r (by 28%).

14. All or nearly all of the oxygen consumed at rest or during activity seemed to be used to pump potassium ions into, and sodium ions out of, the axoplasm.

15. The K/O₂ ratio during pumping was about 5·0.

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