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1. The diuretic response to distension of the whole left atrium caused by obstruction of the mitral orifice has been compared with the effects of distension (by means of small balloons) of the left pulmonary vein/left atrial junctions.

2. Distension of the pulmonary vein/atrial junctions caused an increase in heart rate and a diuresis similar to but smaller than that caused by mitral obstruction.

3. Section of both ansae subclaviae prevented the increase in heart rate produced by distension of the pulmonary vein/left atrial junctions but had little effect on the diuretic response either to pulmonary vein distension or to mitral obstruction.

4. A diuretic response to mitral obstruction could be demonstrated after all nerves from the lungs had been cut but not after the vagus nerves had been cut at levels likely to interrupt the majority of afferent fibres from left atrial receptors.

5. The results support the view that stimulation of left atrial receptors is a major factor in the production of a diuretic response to mitral obstruction.