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1. Changes of rectal and ear temperatures, and respiratory and heart rates, during external thermal stress and during thermal displacement of the medulla oblongata and spinal cord have been investigated in rabbits, before and after decerebration, with ether inhalation only during the operation.

2. Abrupt exposure of the intact animals to heat (35° C) or cold (5° C) produced appropriate thermoregulatory adjustments such as vasodilatation or vasoconstriction of the ear skin, and increase or decrease of respiratory frequency with little change in rectal temperature. After decerebration, these responses to heat and cold were reduced and rectal temperature was moderately altered.

3. In intact animals, heating (42-43° C) and cooling (32-33° C) the medulla and spinal cord also produced appropriate thermoregulatory vasomotor and respiratory responses, although these were smaller than those caused by ambient heating and cooling. Heating these structures also produced bradycardia and cooling tachycardia. In addition, shivering-like movements over extremities and trunks or jaws were elicited, respectively, during spinal or medullary cooling. None of these responses was altered after decerebration.

4. These results suggest that while the hypothalamus may be the principal site of thermoregulation, some independent but less powerful thermoregulatory structures exist in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord. Thermal responses to stimulating the latter structures are not results of afferent activation of the hypothalamic mechanism.