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1. Anaesthetized rats were paralysed for periods of up to 3 days by chronic administration of D-tubocurarine (DTC), succinylcholine or alpha-bungarotoxin. 2. After 3 days of treatment with DTC, the phrenic nerve remained active. Neuromuscular transmission and spontaneous miniature end-plate potentials (m.e.p.p.s) were restored after removal of the DTC. Resting potentials and input resistances of muscle fibres that had been paralysed for 3 days were similar to those in denervated fibers. 3. Chronic neuromuscular blockade increased the binding of [125-I]-alpha-bungarotoxin by extrajunctional regions of muscle. The time course of the increase was similar to that seen after denervation. Binding to muscles from animals that were anaesthetized and respirated, but not paralysed, was not increased. 4. Three days of paralysis increased the sensitivity of the extrajunctional muscle membrane to acetylcholine (ACh) applied by iontophoresis. 5. Approximately the same proportion of muscle fibres from muscles paralysed for 3 days gave overshooting action potentials in the presence of tetrodotoxin 10-minus 6 g/ml. as did fibres form muscles denervated for 3 days. 6. Chronic paralysis did not change the accumulation of acetylcholinesterase above a ligation in the sciatic nerve. 7. These results are consistent with the idea that extrajunctional ACh sensitivity is normally controlled by muscle activity.

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