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1. End-plate currents produced by nerve-released acetylcholine and iontophoretically applied acetylcholine and carbachol have been recorded from voltage-clamped frog cutaneous pectoris neuromuscular junctions made visible with Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. 2. The effectiveness of agonists - that is, the end-plate conductance change produced by a given dose-has been determined as a function of post-junctional membrane potential. 3. As the post-junctional membrane potential is made more negative, nerve-released acetylcholine becomes less effective whereas iontophoretically-applied agonists become more effective. 4. This voltage dependence of agonist effectiveness is mediated neither by end-plate current iontophoresis of agonist into the cleft nor through electric field effects on the esterase. 5. Influences of membrane potential on the opening and closing of end-plate channel gates can account quantitatively for the voltage-dependent effectiveness of both nerve-released and iontophoretically applied agonist.

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				C. F. Stevens Molecular Basis for Postjunctional Conductance Increases Induced by Acetylcholine Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1976; 40(0): 169 - 173. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. G. Nelson Central Nervous System Synapses in Cell Culture Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1976; 40(0): 359 - 371. [Abstract] [PDF]