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1. Single neurone discharges were recorded from the lateral hypothalamus (LH) at the level of the ventromedial nucleus. Single stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) at the level of the mesodiencephalic junction elicited a strong inhibition lasting for 100-300 msec in these neurones. 2. However, by the use of multiple stimulating electrodes, it was possible to find a circumscribed locus in the MFB which gave rise to an initial activation of firing discharges with a latency of 1-15 msec (in different neurones) preceding the period of inhibition. 3. One class of the LH neurones was antidromically activated, and was thought to give off axons into the descending MFB. The other was activated orthodromically through a highly efficient synaptic connexion, and was viewed as 'relay' neurones of the ascending MFB. 4. Although the former could also be activated orthodromically, the efficacy of driving was distinctly lower than that observed in the latter. Presumably they integrate the messages from the visceral centres of the medulla and pons, thus participating in the viscero-motor outflow from the hypothalamus. 5. Intracellularly recorded spike potentials of these neurones deteriorated rapidly leaving only hyperpolarization which corresponded in its time course to the suppression of extracellular spike discharges following MFB stimulation. It was suggested that the inhibition was elicited via recurrent routes localized within the hypothalamus.