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An isolated stomach preparation from the guinea-pig is described. 2. Both histamine acid phosphate (1-4 mug/ml.) and theophylline hydrate (0-2-3-2 mg/ml.) separately stimulated hydrochloric acid, HCl, secretion from the guinea-pig stomach preparation. A linear dose-response relationship was obtained for theophylline. 3. Addition of theophylline (0-2 and 1-6 mg/ml.) during maximal response to histamine increased the secretion further, whereas addition of histamine during maximal response to theophylline did not cause further secretion. 4. The secretory activities of Nalpha-MeH (0-3-5-0 muM), Nalpha-Me2H (1-2-9-5 muM) and 5-MeH (1-5-12 muM) were compared with histamine (0-9-13 muM) on a threshold background secretion induced by theophylline (0-2 mg/ml.). Linear log.-dose response relationships were obtained for each test drug. The results confirm that Nalpha-MeH is a more potent secretagogue than histamine. 5. Pentagastrin (0-3-1-0 mug/ml.) stimulated HCl secretion in approximately half the experiments. The response was often transitory. In the other experiments, pentagastrin had no effect on HCl secretion although subsequent administration of histamine did stimulate HCl secretion.