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1. Contracture was induced in cat myocardium by exposure to 140 mM-KC1 In isotonic Tyrode solution. Force of contracture expressed as mg/mm2 (muscle cross-sectional area) falls with increasing cross-sectional area. 2. The effect of temperature on isometric force developed during contracture was evaluated both in normal (untreated) atrial and ventricular muscle and following treatment with sympatholytic drugs. 3. The force of contracture was not significantly affected by sympatholytic drugs at 36 degrees C. 4. In normal atrial and ventricular muscle, force of contracture decreased when the muscle was cooled from 36 to either 29 or 20 degrees C. 5. In atrial muscle, the effect of temperature was not changed by sympatholytic drugs. In contrast, exposure to sympatholytic drugs increased contracture force developed by ventricular muscle at 20 degrees C. Also, contracture force was significantly greater at 20 than at 36 degrees C in ventricular muscle from reserpine-pretreated cats. 6. It is suggested that ventricular muscle becomes more sensitive to the relaxing effects of endogenous catecholamines at temperature is lowered. 7. The differences shown between atrial and ventricular muscle with respect to the effect of temperature and sympatholytic drugs on contracture force may result from the differing amounts of sarcoplasmic reticulum found in these types of cardiac muscle and also from different mechanisms of "excitation-contracture" coupling in atrial and ventricular muscle.