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1. The intracellular pH (pHi) of sheep heart Purkinje fibres and rat, ferret and guinea-pig ventricle has been measured using recessed-tip pH-sensitive micro-electrodes. 2. In the absence of CO2 the pHi was approximately 7-2 in all the preparations used. In 5% CO2 the mean pHi was 7-14 in rat and ferret ventricle and 7-02 in sheep Purkinje fibres. 3. The pHi response to an increase or a decrease in the CO2 level (at constant external pH) was biphasic with a large transient change followed by a partial recovery to a new sustained pHi. 4. The intracellular buffering capacity was 34-8 +/- 2-7 m-equiv H+/pH unit per l. (+/- S.E. of mean) in sheep Purkinje fibres, 76-6 +/- 13-6 in rat ventricle and approximately 69 in ferret ventricle. 5. The pHi of all the preparations tested indicated that H+ ions were not passively distributed across the cell membrane. There was also little or no pHi change produced by depolarization with high K solutions. 6. Short exposures to hypertonic solutions (100 mM sucrose or 50 mM-KCl) produced a decrease in pHi of approximately 0-1 pH units. 7. Acetazolamide slowed the pHi response to CO2 changes. 8. Restoration of the pHi after displacement by increasing the CO2 was not blocked by ouabain or SITS. 9. The relationship between pHi and cardiac contractility is discussed.

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