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1. The modulatory actions of an identified octopaminergic neurone (DUMETi) that projects to the extensor-tibiae muscle of the locust hind leg depend upon the frequency of stimulation of the slow motoneurone (SETi) to this muscle. 2. At low frequencies of SETi stimulation (1Hz and below) the predominant modulatory effects are increases in the amplitude and relaxation rate of twitch tension. At higher frequencies, where twitches summate but tetanus is incomplete (up to 20 Hz), the reduction of maintained tension becomes considerably more important. 3. Both octopamine application and DUMETi stimulation reduce the amount of catch tension displayed by the extensor muscle when SETi is fired in a variety of different stimulus patterns. The extensor-tibiae muscle is itself 'pattern sensitive' since is shows a 'positive spacing effect' when SETi is stimulated at an average frequency of 1 Hz. 4. It is suggested that a primary function of DUMETi is to change the response of the muscle from one that favours maintenance of posture to one that favours rapid changes in joint position or force, such as might occur during locomotion.

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