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The release of endogenous acetylcholine (ACh) from the in vitro rat superior cervical ganglion was measured by assaying the bathing medium. Simultaneously, synaptic transmission in the ganglion was assessed by recording post-ganglionic compound action potentials. A brief period of tetanic preganglionic stimulation (20 Hz for 20 s) induced a long-term potentiation of the post-ganglionic compound action potential. The same tetanic stimulation also consistently induced a long-term potentiation of stimulated ACh release. Spontaneous (non-stimulated) ACh release was not enhanced after tetanic stimulation. The content of ACh in the ganglion was not measurably increased after tetanic stimulation. These results suggest that the long-term increase in synaptic efficacy is due, at least in part, to an increase in the amount of ACh released by the afferent impulse.

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