HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ballanyi, K Articles by Grafe, P Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ballanyi, K Articles by Grafe, P

Double-barrelled ion-sensitive micro-electrodes were used to measure the changes of the intracellular activities of Cl-, K+, and Na+ (aiCl, aiK, aiNa) in neurones of isolated rat sympathetic ganglia during the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The membrane potential of some of the neurones was manually 'voltage clamped' by passing current through the reference barrel of the ion-sensitive micro-electrode. This enabled us to convert the normal depolarizing action of GABA into a hyperpolarization. A GABA-induced membrane depolarization was accompanied by a decrease of aiCl, aiK and no change in aiNa, whereas a GABA-induced membrane hyperpolarization resulted in an increase of aiCl, aiK and also no change in aiNa. GABA did not change the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as measured with a Ca2+-sensitive micro-electrode, whereas such an effect was seen during the action of carbachol. pH-sensitive electrodes, on the other hand, revealed a small GABA-induced extracellular acidification. The inward pumping of Cl- following the normal, depolarizing action of GABA required the presence of extracellular K+ as well as Na+, whereas CO2/HCO3--free solutions did not influence the uptake process. Furosemide, but not DIDS, blocked the inward pumping of Cl-. In conclusion, our data show that only changes in intracellular activities of K+ and Cl- are associated with the action of GABA. Furthermore, they indicate that a K+/Cl- co-transport, and not a Cl-/HCO3- counter-transport, may be involved in the homoeostatic mechanism which operates to restore the normal transmembrane Cl- distribution after the action of GABA.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				H. I. Rocha-Gonzalez, S. Mao, and F. J. Alvarez-Leefmans Na+,K+,2Cl- Cotransport and Intracellular Chloride Regulation in Rat Primary Sensory Neurons: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2008; 100(1): 169 - 184. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Achilles, A. Okabe, M. Ikeda, C. Shimizu-Okabe, J. Yamada, A. Fukuda, H. J. Luhmann, and W. Kilb Kinetic Properties of Cl Uptake Mediated by Na+-Dependent K+-2Cl Cotransport in Immature Rat Neocortical Neurons J. Neurosci., August 8, 2007; 27(32): 8616 - 8627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Sacchi, M. L. Rossi, R. Canella, and R. Fesce Voltage- and Activity-Dependent Chloride Conductance Controls the Resting Status of the Intact Rat Sympathetic Neuron J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2003; 90(2): 712 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Boehm and H. Kubista Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and Metabotropic Presynaptic Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2002; 54(1): 43 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. L. Schomberg, G. Su, R. A. Haworth, and D. Sun Stimulation of Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter in Neurons by Activation of Non-NMDA Ionotropic Receptor and Group-I mGluRs J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2001; 85(6): 2563 - 2575. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Kulik, H. Nishimaru, and K. Ballanyi Role of Bicarbonate and Chloride in GABA- and Glycine-Induced Depolarization and [Ca2+]i Rise in Fetal Rat Motoneurons In Situ J. Neurosci., November 1, 2000; 20(21): 7905 - 7913. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Sacchi, M. L. Rossi, R. Canella, and R. Fesce Participation of a Chloride Conductance in the Subthreshold Behavior of the Rat Sympathetic Neuron J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1999; 82(4): 1662 - 1675. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kakazu, N. Akaike, S. Komiyama, and J. Nabekura Regulation of Intracellular Chloride by Cotransporters in Developing Lateral Superior Olive Neurons J. Neurosci., April 15, 1999; 19(8): 2843 - 2851. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Sun and S. G. Murali Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter in Immature Cortical Neurons: A Role in Intracellular Cl- Regulation J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1999; 81(4): 1939 - 1948. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Luckermann, S. Trapp, and K. Ballanyi GABA- and Glycine-Mediated Fall of Intracellular pH in Rat Medullary Neurons In Situ J Neurophysiol, April 1, 1997; 77(4): 1844 - 1852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]