HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Llinás, R Articles by Mühlethaler, M Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Llinás, R Articles by Mühlethaler, M

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016.

1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from cerebellar nuclear neurones in the isolated brain stem-cerebellar preparation of guinea-pigs in vitro. The electrical properties of the cells were quite similar to those reported in in vitro slice studies. They had an average resting potential of -56.7 +/- 1.8 mV, an input resistance of 23.8 +/- 4.9 M omega, and a time constant of 12.5 +/- 2.7 ms. The action potentials had an average amplitude of 57.3 +/- 5.28 mV (n = 20). 2. In addition to the ionic mechanisms required for the generation of the fast action potential, cerebellar nuclear neurones displayed a low-threshold Ca2+-dependent spike which produced a powerful rebound excitation following anodal break. This type of electroresponsiveness was absent in the slice preparation. 3. The anodal break response was further enhanced by the presence of a non-inactivating Na+ conductance similar to that described in Purkinje cells. 4. Following electrical stimulation of the cerebellar cortex or the underlying white matter, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (EPSP-IPSP sequences) could be recorded in cerebellar nuclear neurones. The EPSPs were elicited by direct activation of collaterals of mossy or climbing fibre afferents. The IPSPs followed direct or orthodromic Purkinje cell activation. 5. The integrity of the olivo-cerebellar system was tested by the administration of harmaline which produced powerful EPSP-IPSP sequences or pure IPSPs in cerebellar nuclear neurones. These IPSPs were often followed by a rebound firing of the cells. 6. These results indicate that the olivo-cerebellar pathway, in addition to its activation of the cerebellar cortex, exerts a powerful and complex set of synaptic events on cerebellar nuclear cells. As such it is a true afferent system, having a distinct role in cerebellar physiology.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. C. Hurlock, A. McMahon, and R. H. Joho Purkinje-Cell-Restricted Restoration of Kv3.3 Function Restores Complex Spikes and Rescues Motor Coordination in Kcnc3 Mutants J. Neurosci., April 30, 2008; 28(18): 4640 - 4648. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Ben-Ari, J.-L. Gaiarsa, R. Tyzio, and R. Khazipov GABA: A Pioneer Transmitter That Excites Immature Neurons and Generates Primitive Oscillations Physiol Rev, October 1, 2007; 87(4): 1215 - 1284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. K. Aman and I. M. Raman Subunit Dependence of Na Channel Slow Inactivation and Open Channel Block in Cerebellar Neurons Biophys. J., March 15, 2007; 92(6): 1938 - 1951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Ishikawa, T. Sato, A. Shimizu, K.-I. Tsutsui, M. de Curtis, and T. Iijima Odor-Driven Activity in the Olfactory Cortex of an In Vitro Isolated Guinea Pig Whole Brain With Olfactory Epithelium J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 670 - 679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Uusisaari, K. Obata, and T. Knopfel Morphological and Electrophysiological Properties of GABAergic and Non-GABAergic Cells in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 901 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-L. Shin and E. De Schutter Dynamic Synchronization of Purkinje Cell Simple Spikes J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2006; 96(6): 3485 - 3491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F.-P. Chen and C. Evinger Cerebellar Modulation of Trigeminal Reflex Blinks: Interpositus Neurons J. Neurosci., October 11, 2006; 26(41): 10569 - 10576. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Mock, S. Butovas, and C. Schwarz Functional Unity of the Ponto-Cerebellum: Evidence That Intrapontine Communication Is Mediated by a Reciprocal Loop With the Cerebellar Nuclei J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2006; 95(6): 3414 - 3425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. E. McKay, M. L. Molineux, W. H. Mehaffey, and R. W. Turner Kv1 K+ Channels Control Purkinje Cell Output to Facilitate Postsynaptic Rebound Discharge in Deep Cerebellar Neurons J. Neurosci., February 9, 2005; 25(6): 1481 - 1492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. M. Khaliq and I. M. Raman Axonal Propagation of Simple and Complex Spikes in Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons J. Neurosci., January 12, 2005; 25(2): 454 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Monsivais, B. A. Clark, A. Roth, and M. Hausser Determinants of Action Potential Propagation in Cerebellar Purkinje Cell Axons J. Neurosci., January 12, 2005; 25(2): 464 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. P. Aksenov, N. A. Serdyukova, J. R. Bloedel, and V. Bracha Glutamate Neurotransmission in the Cerebellar Interposed Nuclei: Involvement in Classically Conditioned Eyeblinks and Neuronal Activity J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2005; 93(1): 44 - 52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Zhang, J. H. Shin, and D. J Linden Persistent changes in the intrinsic excitability of rat deep cerebellar nuclear neurones induced by EPSP or IPSP bursts J. Physiol., December 15, 2004; 561(3): 703 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Jimenez-Diaz, J. de Dios Navarro-Lopez, A. Gruart, and J. M. Delgado-Garcia Role of Cerebellar Interpositus Nucleus in the Genesis and Control of Reflex and Conditioned Eyelid Responses J. Neurosci., October 13, 2004; 24(41): 9138 - 9145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Leresche, J. Hering, and R. C. Lambert Paradoxical Potentiation of Neuronal T-Type Ca2+ Current by ATP at Resting Membrane Potential J. Neurosci., June 16, 2004; 24(24): 5592 - 5602. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S.-y. Chang and U. Kim Ionic Mechanism of Long-Lasting Discharges of Action Potentials Triggered by Membrane Hyperpolarization in the Medial Lateral Habenula J. Neurosci., March 3, 2004; 24(9): 2172 - 2181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. D. Aizenman, E. J. Huang, and D. J. Linden Morphological Correlates of Intrinsic Electrical Excitability in Neurons of the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2003; 89(4): 1738 - 1747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Chavas and A. Marty Coexistence of Excitatory and Inhibitory GABA Synapses in the Cerebellar Interneuron Network J. Neurosci., March 15, 2003; 23(6): 2019 - 2031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Pedroarena and C. Schwarz Efficacy and Short-Term Plasticity at GABAergic Synapses Between Purkinje and Cerebellar Nuclei Neurons J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2003; 89(2): 704 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Perez-Reyes Molecular Physiology of Low-Voltage-Activated T-type Calcium Channels Physiol Rev, January 1, 2003; 83(1): 117 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Long, M. R. Deans, D. L. Paul, and B. W. Connors Rhythmicity without Synchrony in the Electrically Uncoupled Inferior Olive J. Neurosci., December 15, 2002; 22(24): 10898 - 10905. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. M. Kistler and C. I. De Zeeuw Dynamical Working Memory and Timed Responses: The Role of Reverberating Loops in the Olivo-Cerebellar System Neural Comput., November 1, 2002; 14(11): 2597 - 2626. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Telgkamp and I. M. Raman Depression of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission between Purkinje Cells and Neurons of the Cerebellar Nuclei J. Neurosci., October 1, 2002; 22(19): 8447 - 8457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Leznik, V. Makarenko, and R. Llinas Electrotonically Mediated Oscillatory Patterns in Neuronal Ensembles: An In Vitro Voltage-Dependent Dye-Imaging Study in the Inferior Olive J. Neurosci., April 1, 2002; 22(7): 2804 - 2815. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Schwarz and J. P. Welsh Dynamic Modulation of Mossy Fiber System Throughput by Inferior Olive Synchrony: A Multielectrode Study of Cerebellar Cortex Activated by Motor Cortex J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2001; 86(5): 2489 - 2504. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Czubayko, F. Sultan, P. Thier, and C. Schwarz Two Types of Neurons in the Rat Cerebellar Nuclei as Distinguished by Membrane Potentials and Intracellular Fillings J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 2017 - 2029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Anchisi, B. Scelfo, and F. Tempia Postsynaptic Currents in Deep Cerebellar Nuclei J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2001; 85(1): 323 - 331. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. Raman, A. E. Gustafson, and D. Padgett Ionic Currents and Spontaneous Firing in Neurons Isolated from the Cerebellar Nuclei J. Neurosci., December 15, 2000; 20(24): 9004 - 9016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ouardouz and B. R. Sastry Mechanisms Underlying LTP of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei J Neurophysiol, September 1, 2000; 84(3): 1414 - 1421. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Gauck and D. Jaeger The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei by Inhibition J. Neurosci., April 15, 2000; 20(8): 3006 - 3016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. D. Aizenman and D. J. Linden Regulation of the Rebound Depolarization and Spontaneous Firing Patterns of Deep Nuclear Neurons in Slices of Rat Cerebellum J Neurophysiol, October 1, 1999; 82(4): 1697 - 1709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Kobayashi, K. Kawano, A. Takemura, Y. Inoue, T. Kitama, H. Gomi, and M. Kawato Temporal Firing Patterns of Purkinje Cells in the Cerebellar Ventral Paraflocculus During Ocular Following Responses in Monkeys II. Complex Spikes J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1998; 80(2): 832 - 848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Schwarz, M. Mock, and P. Thier Electrophysiological Properties of Rat Pontine Nuclei Neurons In Vitro. I. Membrane Potentials and Firing Patterns J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1997; 78(6): 3323 - 3337. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M D Mauk and N H Donegan A model of Pavlovian eyelid conditioning based on the synaptic organization of the cerebellum. Learn. Mem., January 1, 1997; 4(1): 130 - 158. [Abstract] [PDF]

				V. Gauck, M. Thomann, D. Jaeger, and A. Borst Spatial Distribution of Low- and High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Currents in Neurons of the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei J. Neurosci., August 1, 2001; 21(15): RC158 - RC158. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]