HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Storm, J F Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Storm, J F

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.

1. In hippocampal pyramidal cells, action potentials are followed by three after-hyperpolarizations (AHPs): a fast AHP (fAHP) lasting 2-5 ms, a medium AHP (mAHP) lasting 50-100 ms, and a slow AHP (sAHP) lasting more than 1 s. The mechanism underlying the mAHP was studied in CA1 cells (n = 46) in rat hippocampal slices, using injection of depolarizing current to elicit discharge. 2. The current underlying the mAHP was studied by single-electrode voltage clamp in two ways. Either the voltage clamp was activated following a burst of spikes, thus recording the early tail current underlying the mAHP (hybrid clamp), or, after blocking the spikes with tetrodotoxin, the early tail current following a depolarizing voltage clamp command (to -20 to -45 mV for 100-400 ms) was measured. In both cases, the early tail current (measured at -60 mV) showed the following characteristics: (a) it decayed exponentially with a time constant of about 50 ms; (b) it was substantially reduced by the muscarinic agonist carbachol (40-50 microM); (c) it was moderately reduced (by 20% or less) by Ca2+-free medium and Ca2+ channel blockers (Cd2+, Mn2+), which abolished the fAHP and the sAHP; (d) it was partly blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA, 1-10 mM) both before and during Ca2+ channel blockade; (e) it was resistant to noradrenaline (5-10 microM), which blocked the sAHP, and to apamin (100 nM). 3. The mAHP itself, recorded under current clamp, showed properties corresponding to those of the early tail current. 4. Unlike the current underlying the sAHP, which was reduced and reversed by hyperpolarization, the early tail current appeared to be reduced only at potentials down to -80 mV, and to increase at more negative potentials. The early tail current and mAHP-like undershoot at hyperpolarized potentials was blocked by external Cs+, but not by carbachol, in contrast to the early tail current and mAHP at -60 mV. 5. It was concluded that two currents contribute to the mAHP: IM (a voltage-gated muscarine-sensitive K+ current) and IC (a Ca2+-dependent TEA-sensitive K+ current). TEA reduced both the IM (5 mM) and the IC (1 mM) component of the mAHP. When the cell is hyperpolarized, a third current, IQ (a Ca+-sensitive mixed Na+-K+ inward current activated by hyperpolarization), masks the reversal of the mAHP by causing a depolarizing sag which resembles the decay of the mAHP.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				V. F. Safiulina, P. Zacchi, M. Taglialatela, Y. Yaari, and E. Cherubini Low expression of Kv7/M channels facilitates intrinsic and network bursting in the developing rat hippocampus J. Physiol., November 15, 2008; 586(22): 5437 - 5453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gu, H. Hu, K. Vervaeke, and J. F. Storm SK (KCa2) Channels Do Not Control Somatic Excitability in CA1 Pyramidal Neurons But Can Be Activated by Dendritic Excitatory Synapses and Regulate Their Impact J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2008; 100(5): 2589 - 2604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Jia, J. Bei, L. Rodat-Despoix, B. Liu, Q. Jia, P. Delmas, and H. Zhang NGF Inhibits M/KCNQ Currents and Selectively Alters Neuronal Excitability in Subsets of Sympathetic Neurons Depending on their M/KCNQ Current Background J. Gen. Physiol., June 1, 2008; 131(6): 575 - 587. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kim and D. A. Hoffman Potassium Channels: Newly Found Players in Synaptic Plasticity Neuroscientist, June 1, 2008; 14(3): 276 - 286. [Abstract] [PDF]

				R. A. Eatock, J. Xue, and R. Kalluri Ion channels in mammalian vestibular afferents may set regularity of firing J. Exp. Biol., June 1, 2008; 211(11): 1764 - 1774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. D. Burrell and K. M. Crisp Serotonergic Modulation of Afterhyperpolarization in a Neuron That Contributes to Learning in the Leech J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2008; 99(2): 605 - 616. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Yoshida and A. Alonso Cell-Type Specific Modulation of Intrinsic Firing Properties and Subthreshold Membrane Oscillations by the M(Kv7)-Current in Neurons of the Entorhinal Cortex J Neurophysiol, November 1, 2007; 98(5): 2779 - 2794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Reboreda, R. Raouf, A. Alonso, and P. Seguela Development of Cholinergic Modulation and Graded Persistent Activity in Layer V of Medial Entorhinal Cortex J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2007; 97(6): 3937 - 3947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Fernandez de Sevilla, M. Fuenzalida, A. B. Porto Pazos, and W. Buno Selective Shunting of the NMDA EPSP Component by the Slow Afterhyperpolarization in Rat CA1 Pyramidal Neurons J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2007; 97(5): 3242 - 3255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gu, K. Vervaeke, and J. F. Storm BK potassium channels facilitate high-frequency firing and cause early spike frequency adaptation in rat CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells J. Physiol., May 1, 2007; 580(3): 859 - 882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Hu, K. Vervaeke, and J. F. Storm M-Channels (Kv7/KCNQ Channels) That Regulate Synaptic Integration, Excitability, and Spike Pattern of CA1 Pyramidal Cells Are Located in the Perisomatic Region J. Neurosci., February 21, 2007; 27(8): 1853 - 1867. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. C. Kaczorowski, J. Disterhoft, and N. Spruston Stability and plasticity of intrinsic membrane properties in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons: effects of internal anions J. Physiol., February 1, 2007; 578(3): 799 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Cai, D.-S. Wei, S. E. Gallagher, A. Bagal, Y.-A. Mei, J. P. Y. Kao, S. M. Thompson, and C.-M. Tang Hyperexcitability of Distal Dendrites in Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells after Chronic Partial Deafferentation J. Neurosci., January 3, 2007; 27(1): 59 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Martina, M.-E. B. Turcotte, S. Halman, and R. Bergeron The sigma-1 receptor modulates NMDA receptor synaptic transmission and plasticity via SK channels in rat hippocampus J. Physiol., January 1, 2007; 578(1): 143 - 157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Brosh, K. Rosenblum, and E. Barkai Learning-Induced Reversal of the Effect of Noradrenalin on the Postburst AHP J Neurophysiol, October 1, 2006; 96(4): 1728 - 1733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Vervaeke, N. Gu, C. Agdestein, H. Hu, and J. F. Storm Kv7/KCNQ/M-channels in rat glutamatergic hippocampal axons and their role in regulation of excitability and transmitter release J. Physiol., October 1, 2006; 576(1): 235 - 256. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Ren, L. F. Barnwell, J. C. Alexander, F. D. Lubin, J. P. Adelman, P. J. Pfaffinger, L. A. Schrader, and A. E. Anderson Regulation of Surface Localization of the Small Conductance Ca2+-activated Potassium Channel, Sk2, through Direct Phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase J. Biol. Chem., April 28, 2006; 281(17): 11769 - 11779. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Chevallier, F. Nagy, and J.-M. Cabelguen Cholinergic control of excitability of spinal motoneurones in the salamander J. Physiol., February 1, 2006; 570(3): 525 - 540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Pedarzani, J. E. McCutcheon, G. Rogge, B. S. Jensen, P. Christophersen, C. Hougaard, D. Strobaek, and M. Stocker Specific Enhancement of SK Channel Activity Selectively Potentiates the Afterhyperpolarizing Current IAHP and Modulates the Firing Properties of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons J. Biol. Chem., December 16, 2005; 280(50): 41404 - 41411. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Gu, K. Vervaeke, H. Hu, and J. F Storm Kv7/KCNQ/M and HCN/h, but not KCa2/SK channels, contribute to the somatic medium after-hyperpolarization and excitability control in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells J. Physiol., August 1, 2005; 566(3): 689 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Borgers and N. Kopell Effects of Noisy Drive on Rhythms in Networks of Excitatory and Inhibitory Neurons Neural Comput., March 1, 2005; 17(3): 557 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Chen and D. Johnston Properties of single voltage-dependent K+ channels in dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurones of rat hippocampus J. Physiol., August 15, 2004; 559(1): 187 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. T. Bond, P. S. Herson, T. Strassmaier, R. Hammond, R. Stackman, J. Maylie, and J. P. Adelman Small Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channel Knock-Out Mice Reveal the Identity of Calcium-Dependent Afterhyperpolarization Currents J. Neurosci., June 9, 2004; 24(23): 5301 - 5306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Yue and Y. Yaari KCNQ/M Channels Control Spike Afterdepolarization and Burst Generation in Hippocampal Neurons J. Neurosci., May 12, 2004; 24(19): 4614 - 4624. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. D'hoedt, K. Hirzel, P. Pedarzani, and M. Stocker Domain Analysis of the Calcium-activated Potassium Channel SK1 from Rat Brain: FUNCTIONAL EXPRESSION AND TOXIN SENSITIVITY J. Biol. Chem., March 26, 2004; 279(13): 12088 - 12092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Z. Wetmore and S. N. Baker Post-spike distance-to-threshold trajectories of neurones in monkey motor cortex J. Physiol., March 15, 2004; 555(3): 831 - 850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Maylie, C. T. Bond, P. S. Herson, W.-S. Lee, and J. P. Adelman Small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels and calmodulin J. Physiol., January 15, 2004; 554(2): 255 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. R. Young, S.-C. Chuang, and R. K. S. Wong Modulation of afterpotentials and firing pattern in guinea pig CA3 neurones by group I metabotropic glutamate receptors J. Physiol., January 15, 2004; 554(2): 371 - 385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Kelly and J. Church pH modulation of currents that contribute to the medium and slow afterhyperpolarizations in rat CA1 pyramidal neurones J. Physiol., January 15, 2004; 554(2): 449 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. J. Abel, J.C.F. Lee, J. C. Callaway, and R. C. Foehring Relationships Between Intracellular Calcium and Afterhyperpolarizations in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2004; 91(1): 324 - 335. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. M. McDermott, G. J. LaHoste, C. Chen, A. Musto, N. G. Bazan, and J. C. Magee Sleep Deprivation Causes Behavioral, Synaptic, and Membrane Excitability Alterations in Hippocampal Neurons J. Neurosci., October 22, 2003; 23(29): 9687 - 9695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. E. Hallworth, C. J. Wilson, and M. D. Bevan Apamin-Sensitive Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels, through their Selective Coupling to Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels, Are Critical Determinants of the Precision, Pace, and Pattern of Action Potential Generation in Rat Subthalamic Nucleus Neurons In Vitro J. Neurosci., August 20, 2003; 23(20): 7525 - 7542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Takigawa and C. Alzheimer Interplay Between Activation of GIRK Current and Deactivation of Ih Modifies Temporal Integration of Excitatory Input in CA1 Pyramidal Cells J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2003; 89(4): 2238 - 2244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Sailer, H. Hu, W. A. Kaufmann, M. Trieb, C. Schwarzer, J. F. Storm, and H.-G. Knaus Regional Differences in Distribution and Functional Expression of Small-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels in Rat Brain J. Neurosci., November 15, 2002; 22(22): 9698 - 9707. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. M. Shah and D. G. Haylett K+ Currents Generated by NMDA Receptor Activation in Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2983 - 2989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. C. Cooper, E. Harrington, Y. N. Jan, and L. Y. Jan M Channel KCNQ2 Subunits Are Localized to Key Sites for Control of Neuronal Network Oscillations and Synchronization in Mouse Brain J. Neurosci., December 15, 2001; 21(24): 9529 - 9540. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Wolfart, H. Neuhoff, O. Franz, and J. Roeper Differential Expression of the Small-Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel SK3 Is Critical for Pacemaker Control in Dopaminergic Midbrain Neurons J. Neurosci., May 15, 2001; 21(10): 3443 - 3456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Savic, P. Pedarzani, and M. Sciancalepore Medium Afterhyperpolarization and Firing Pattern Modulation in Interneurons of Stratum Radiatum in the CA3 Hippocampal Region J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 1986 - 1997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Savic and M. Sciancalepore Electrophysiological Characterization of "Giant" Cells in Stratum Radiatum of the CA3 Hippocampal Region J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 1998 - 2007. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Aoki and S. C. Baraban Properties of a Calcium-Activated K+ Current on Interneurons in the Developing Rat Hippocampus J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2000; 83(6): 3453 - 3461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shah and D. G. Haylett Ca2+ Channels Involved in the Generation of the Slow Afterhyperpolarization in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2000; 83(5): 2554 - 2561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Lape and A. Nistri Current and Voltage Clamp Studies of the Spike Medium Afterhyperpolarization of Hypoglossal Motoneurons in a Rat Brain Stem Slice Preparation J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2000; 83(5): 2987 - 2995. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Haug and J. F. Storm Protein Kinase A Mediates the Modulation of the Slow Ca2+-Dependent K+ Current, IsAHP, by the Neuropeptides CRF, VIP, and CGRP in Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons J Neurophysiol, April 1, 2000; 83(4): 2071 - 2079. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Tanabe, M. Mori, B. H. Gahwiler, and U. Gerber Apamin-Sensitive Conductance Mediates the K+ Current Response During Chemical Ischemia in CA3 Pyramidal Cells J Neurophysiol, December 1, 1999; 82(6): 2876 - 2882. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Sah and J. D. Clements Photolytic Manipulation of [Ca2+]i Reveals Slow Kinetics of Potassium Channels Underlying the Afterhyperpolarization in Hipppocampal Pyramidal Neurons J. Neurosci., May 15, 1999; 19(10): 3657 - 3664. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Stocker, M. Krause, and P. Pedarzani An apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ current in hippocampal pyramidal neurons PNAS, April 13, 1999; 96(8): 4662 - 4667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Wang, Z. Pan, W. Shi, B. S. Brown, R. S. Wymore, I. S. Cohen, J. E. Dixon, and D. McKinnon KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 Potassium Channel Subunits: Molecular Correlates of the M-Channel Science, December 4, 1998; 282(5395): 1890 - 1893. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Tanabe, B. H. Gahwiler, and U. Gerber L-Type Ca2+ Channels Mediate the Slow Ca2+-Dependent Afterhyperpolarization Current in Rat CA3 Pyramidal Cells In Vitro J Neurophysiol, November 1, 1998; 80(5): 2268 - 2273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. Kim and D. A. Mccormick Functional and Ionic Properties of a Slow Afterhyperpolarization in Ferret Perigeniculate Neurons In Vitro J Neurophysiol, September 1, 1998; 80(3): 1222 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. E. Schnee and B. S. Brown Selectivity of Linopirdine (DuP 996), a Neurotransmitter Release Enhancer, in Blocking Voltage-Dependent and Calcium-Activated Potassium Currents in Hippocampal Neurons J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1998; 286(2): 709 - 717. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				F.E.N. L. Beau and B. E. Alger Transient Suppression of GABAA-Receptor-Mediated IPSPs After Epileptiform Burst Discharges in CA1 Pyramidal Cells J Neurophysiol, February 1, 1998; 79(2): 659 - 669. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Kogo and M. Ariel Membrane Properties and Monosynaptic Retinal Excitation of Neurons in the Turtle Accessory Optic System J Neurophysiol, August 1, 1997; 78(2): 614 - 627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Luthi, B. H. Gahwiler, and U. Gerber 1S,3R-ACPD Induces a Region of Negative Slope Conductance in the Steady-State Current-Voltage Relationship of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells J Neurophysiol, January 1, 1997; 77(1): 221 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Köhler, B. Hirschberg, C. T. Bond, J. M. Kinzie, N. V. Marrion, J. Maylie, and J. P. Adelman Small-Conductance, Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels from Mammalian Brain Science, September 20, 1996; 273(5282): 1709 - 1714. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				O Jensen, M A Idiart, and J E Lisman Physiologically realistic formation of autoassociative memory in networks with theta/gamma oscillations: role of fast NMDA channels. Learn. Mem., January 1, 1996; 3(2-3): 243 - 256. [Abstract] [PDF]

				O Jensen and J E Lisman Novel lists of 7 +/- 2 known items can be reliably stored in an oscillatory short-term memory network: interaction with long-term memory. Learn. Mem., January 1, 1996; 3(2-3): 257 - 263. [Abstract] [PDF]

				O Jensen and J E Lisman Theta/gamma networks with slow NMDA channels learn sequences and encode episodic memory: role of NMDA channels in recall. Learn. Mem., January 1, 1996; 3(2-3): 264 - 278. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. M. Thomson and D. C. West Factors Affecting Slow Regular Firing in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus In Vitro J Biol Rhythms, January 1, 1990; 5(1): 59 - 75. [Abstract] [PDF]