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Unit of Physiology, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

1. Previous studies have shown that hyperbaric pressure depresses synaptic transmission and have suggested that the effect is primarily on transmitter release. The present study analysed the effects of pressure at a crustacean neuromuscular junction. Changes in pressure were compared to changes in extracellular calcium concentration [Ca2+]o with respect to effects on excitatory junction potential (EJP) amplitude, time course, facilitation and potentiation. 2. The effects of 10.1 MPa pressure on EJP amplitude, facilitation and potentiation, but not time course, were mimicked by reducing [Ca2+]o to approximately one-half the normal level. 3. The effects of pressure and the interaction between compression and calcium concentration were analysed in terms of a model of transmitter release. The model assumes that release is dependent on internal calcium concentration, as modulated by both influx and removal processes; that calcium influx is a saturating function of [Ca2+]o; and that release and removal are saturating functions of [Ca2+]i. 4. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that increased pressure acts primarily to reduce calcium influx into the nerve terminal.

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