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Department of Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia 65212.

1. Three sets of North American leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) were housed on damp sand (DS, n = 19), in fresh water (FW, n = 19), or with free access to both damp sand and fresh water (FA, n = 23) for a period of 5-6 days. At the end of this period pithed frogs were prepared for measurement of capillary hydraulic conductivity and samples of whole-blood, lymph and body cavity fluid were collected for measurement of haematocrit and protein content. 2. To measure hydraulic conductivity (Lp), individual capillaries of the mesenteries of the three groups were cannulated and perfused with a minimum of two, and a maximum of three, frog Ringer solutions. The first solution, common to all experiments, contained dialysed bovine serum albumin (BSA) at a concentration of 10 mg ml-1. The second and third solutions also contained either 10 nM-atrial peptide (AP) or 1 microM-sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Lp was determined from measurements of fluid filtration rate at a minimum of two different capillary pressures (Michel, Mason, Curry, Tooke & Hunter, 1974). 3. In vessels from damp sand-stored frogs (DS), the paired Lp in the presence of 10 nM-atrial peptide (Lp, AP) was 3.2 +/- 0.4-fold higher than Lp, BSA (n = 25). By contrast, in the FW group, Lp, AP did not differ significantly from Lp, BSA (Lp, AP-FW/Lp, BSA = 1.3 +/- 0.2; n = 23). In frogs given free access to water and dry terrain the response to atrial peptide was similar to that observed in the DS group (Lp, AP-FA/Lp, BSA = 3.6 +/- 07; n = 23). Thus, storage in fresh water appears to have inhibited the acute Lp response to atrial peptide observed in vessels from the FA or DS animals. 4. Atrial peptide and sodium nitroprusside elevate intracellular cyclic GMP levels by membrane receptor-dependent and -independent processes, respectively. No difference was observed in the Lp response to 1 microM-perfusate sodium nitroprusside (Lp, SNP) in DS (n = 7), FW (n = 8) or FA (n = 30) frogs (Lp, SNP/Lp, BSA ratios were 3.5 +/- 1.5-, 2.7 +/- 0.8- and 2.6 +/- 0.5-fold, respectively). Thus, the Lp response to sodium nitroprusside was not affected by storage conditions. 5. The mean haematocrit of skin blood samples from the DS groups was 26.5 +/- 1.0% (+/- S.E.M.) compared to 19.1 +/- 1.2% from the FW groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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				C. C. Michel and F. E. Curry Microvascular Permeability Physiol Rev, July 1, 1999; 79(3): 703 - 761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]