HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Hellsten, Y Articles by Richter, E A Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Hellsten, Y Articles by Richter, E A

Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, August Krogh Institute, Denmark. Ylva.Hellsten@pop.aki.ku.dk

1. The present study tested the hypothesis that the level of xanthine oxidase is elevated in injured human skeletal muscle in association with inflammatory events. Seven male subjects performed five bouts of strenuous one-legged eccentric exercise. Muscle biopsies from both the exercised and the control leg, together with venous blood samples, were obtained prior to exercise and at 45 min, 24, 48 and 96 h after exercise. The time courses of xanthine oxidase immunoreactivity and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation were examined. 2. The number of xanthine oxidase structures observed by immunohistological methods in the exercised muscle was up to eightfold higher than control from day 1 to day 4 after exercise (P < 0.05). The increase was attributed to an enhanced expression of xanthine oxidase in microvascular endothelial cells and an invasion of leucocytes containing xanthine oxidase. 3. The concentration of plasma interleukin-6 was significantly higher 90 min after exercise than before exercise (P < 0.05) and remained higher than pre-exercise levels throughout the 4 days. On day 4 the plasma creatine kinase activity was approximately 150-fold higher (P < 0.05) than resting levels. 4. Despite the increase in xanthine oxidase in the muscle there were no detectable changes in the levels of muscle malondialdehyde or in plasma antioxidant capacity up to 4 days post-exercise. 5. It is concluded that eccentric exercise leads to an increased level of xanthine oxidase in human muscle and that the increase is associated with secondary inflammatory processes. The increase in xanthine oxidase in the muscle occurs mainly in microvascular endothelial cells, but occurs also via infiltrating leucocytes containing xanthine oxidase. A role for leucocytes in xanthine oxidase induction in endothelium is proposed.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Higaki, T. Mikami, N. Fujii, M. F. Hirshman, K. Koyama, T. Seino, K. Tanaka, and L. J. Goodyear Oxidative stress stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent pathway Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2008; 294(5): E889 - E897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Miles, J. M. Andring, S. D. Pearson, L. K. Gordon, C. Kasper, C. M. Depner, and J. R. Kidd Diurnal variation, response to eccentric exercise, and association of inflammatory mediators with muscle damage variables J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2008; 104(2): 451 - 458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. W. Petersen and B. K. Pedersen The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2005; 98(4): 1154 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]