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Antioxidant-oxidant balance in the glomerulus and proximal tubule of the rat kidney

Wilfried Gwinner, Ute Deters-Evers, Ralf P. Brandes *, Birgit Kubat ¹, Karl-Martin Koch, Michael Pape and Christoph J. Olbricht

1. Antioxidant and oxidative enzymes were examined in renal glomeruli and proximal tubules of healthy young rats (10-12 weeks old), and results were related to the superoxide anion generation of these tissues.

2. Activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were 3- to 6-fold higher in proximal tubules than in glomeruli. Similarly, enzyme levels and mRNA levels of superoxide dismutases and catalase were significantly higher in proximal tubules.

3. NADH- and NADPH-dependent oxidase activity and xanthine oxidase activity were not different in glomeruli and proximal tubules.

4. Measurements with lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence in vital tissues indicated 10-fold higher rates of superoxide anion in glomeruli than in tubules.

5. Compared with the young rats, tubules of 8-month-old rats had significantly higher superoxide anion rates and lower superoxide dismutase activity, whereas NADH- and NADPH-dependent oxidase activities were unchanged.

6. We conclude that considerable differences in the antioxidant-oxidant balance exist between the glomerulus and proximal tubule. Results from experiments using chemiluminescence in vital tissues suggest that changes in the antioxidant-oxidant balance have an effect on oxygen radical levels. The relevance of the observed differences to glomerular and tubulo-interstitial disease remains to be determined, but a greater susceptibility of the glomerulus to oxidant stress might be anticipated.

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