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Ventilatory and central neurochemical reorganisation of O₂ chemoreflex after carotid sinus nerve transection in rat

J. C. Roux, J. Peyronnet, O. Pascual, Y. Dalmaz and J. M Pequignot

1. The first step of this study was to determine the early time course and pattern of hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) recovery following irreversible bilateral carotid sinus nerve transection (CSNT). The second step was to find out if HVR recovery was associated with changes in the neurochemical activity of the medullary catecholaminergic cell groups involved in the O₂ chemoreflex pathway.

2. The breathing response to acute hypoxia (10 % O₂) was measured in awake rats 2, 6, 10, 45 and 90 days after CSNT. In a control group of sham-operated rats, the ventilatory response to hypoxia was principally due to increased respiratory frequency. There was a large reduction in HVR in the CSNT compared to the sham-operated rats (-65 %, 2 days after surgery). Within the weeks following denervation, the CSNT rats progressively recovered a HVR level similar to the sham-operated rats (-37 % at 6 days, -27 % at 10 days, and no difference at 45 or 90 days). After recovery, the CSNT rats exhibited a higher tidal volume (+38 %) than the sham-operated rats in response to hypoxia, but not a complete recovery of respiratory frequency.

3. Fifteen days after CSNT, in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity had decreased in caudal A₂C₂ (-35 %) and A₆ cells (-35 %). After 90 days, the CSNT rats displayed higher TH activity than the sham-operated animals in caudal A₁C₁ (+51 %), caudal A₂C₂ (+129 %), A₅ (+216 %) and A₆ cells (+79 %).

4. It is concluded that HVR following CSNT is associated with a profound functional reorganisation of the central O₂ chemoreflex pathway, including changes in ventilatory pattern and medullary catecholaminergic activity.

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