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ATP as a mediator of mammalian central CO₂ chemoreception

T. Thomas and K. M. Spyer

1. A role for P2 purinoceptors in the chemosensory response of respiratory neurones localised in the ventrolateral medulla to changes in arterial CO₂ levels was investigated in the anaesthetised rat. Extracellular recordings were made from different classes of respiratory neurone and the effects of P2 receptor blockade on CO₂-evoked changes in activity investigated.

2. Increasing inspired CO₂ excited 85 % of inspiratory neurones in the pre-Bötzinger complex. In all cases, CO₂-evoked excitation was blocked by ionophoretic application of the P2receptor antagonists suramin (0·02 M) and pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS; 100 µM), but not the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT; 100 µM). Suramin and PPADS often reduced ongoing activity, and blocked the excitatory effects of ATP. Inspiratory neurones were also excited by the P2X receptor agonist -methyleneATP, suggesting a specific role for P2X receptors.

3. Sixty-six per cent of pre-inspiratory neurones were also excited by CO₂. This effect was reduced or abolished by prior application of P2 receptor antagonists. Although post-inspiratory and expiratory neurones were excited by increasing levels of CO₂, and also by ionophoretically applied ATP, the CO₂-evoked effects were unaffected by P2 receptor blockade.

4. We suggest that ATP, possibly acting via P2X purinoceptors localised within the ventral respiratory group, is involved in central chemoreception. Specifically, these distinctive CO₂-P2X-mediated actions were observed only in inspiratory neurones (incrementing inspiratory neurones and pre-inspiratory neurones), which appear to have purinoceptors with pH sensitivity that can account for the actions of CO₂ in modifying ventilatory activity.

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