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Oxygen sensing and K⁺-Cl^- cotransport

Philip B. Dunham

Oxygen modulates membrane transport in erythrocytes of a number of vertebrate species. In red cells of horse, sheep, human and trout, raising oxygen tension enhances K⁺-Cl^- cotransport (KCC). Swelling, among other treatments, activates this transporter. Swelling-activated KCC promotes KCl efflux, water follows by obligatory osmotic coupling, and cell volume is decreased. In this manner regulation of cell volume is promoted. Direct activation of KCC is probably by a serine/threonine phosphatase. Regulation is afforded by a volume-sensitive kinase: cell swelling inhibits the kinase, allowing the phosphatase to activate KCC (see Jennings, 1999, for references). Since O₂ stimulates KCC, there must be a sensor of O₂ that signals KCC. The most obvious sensor for oxygen is haemoglobin (Hb). See Gibson et al. (2000) for a recent review.

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