HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Starkie, R. L. Articles by Febbraio, M. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Starkie, R. L. Articles by Febbraio, M. A.

Carbohydrate ingestion attenuates the increase in plasma interleukin-6, but not skeletal muscle interleukin-6 mRNA, during exercise in humans

R. L. Starkie, M. J. Arkinstall *, I. Koukoulas †, J. A. Hawley * and M. A. Febbraio

1. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of exercise and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion on interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression in skeletal muscle and plasma IL-6 concentration.
2. Seven moderately trained men completed 60 min of exercise at a workload corresponding to each individual's lactate threshold on four randomised occasions. Two trials were conducted on a bicycle ergometer (Cyc) and two on a running treadmill (Run) either with (CHO) or without (Con) the ingestion of a CHO beverage throughout the exercise. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and immediately after exercise and IL-6 gene expression in these samples was determined using real-time PCR. In addition, venous blood samples were collected at rest, and after 30 min during and at the cessation of exercise. These samples were analysed for plasma IL-6.
3. Irrespective of exercise mode or CHO ingestion, exercise resulted in a 21 ± 4-fold increase (P < 0.01; main exercise effect) in IL-6 mRNA expression. In contrast, while the mode of exercise did not affect the exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6, CHO ingestion blunted (P < 0.01) this response.
4. These data demonstrate that CHO ingestion attenuates the plasma IL-6 concentration during both cycling and running exercise. However, because IL-6 mRNA expression was unaffected by CHO ingestion, it is likely that the ingestion of CHO during exercise attenuates IL-6 production by tissues other than skeletal muscle.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				R. Krogh-Madsen, P. Plomgaard, T. Akerstrom, K. Moller, O. Schmitz, and B. K. Pedersen Effect of short-term intralipid infusion on the immune response during low-dose endotoxemia in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2008; 294(2): E371 - E379. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Frydelund-Larsen, T. Akerstrom, S. Nielsen, P. Keller, C. Keller, and B. K. Pedersen Visfatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue is regulated by exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E24 - E31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Krogh-Madsen, P. Plomgaard, K. Moller, B. Mittendorfer, and B. K. Pedersen Influence of TNF-{alpha} and IL-6 infusions on insulin sensitivity and expression of IL-18 in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2006; 291(1): E108 - E114. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Juretic, P. Garcia-Huidobro, J. A. Iturrieta, E. Jaimovich, and N. Riveros Depolarization-induced slow Ca2+ transients stimulate transcription of IL-6 gene in skeletal muscle cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, May 1, 2006; 290(5): C1428 - C1436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Bruunsgaard Physical activity and modulation of systemic low-level inflammation J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2005; 78(4): 819 - 835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Jove, A. Planavila, J. C. Laguna, and M. Vazquez-Carrera Palmitate-Induced Interleukin 6 Production Is Mediated by Protein Kinase C and Nuclear-Factor {kappa}B Activation and Leads to Glucose Transporter 4 Down-Regulation in Skeletal Muscle Cells Endocrinology, July 1, 2005; 146(7): 3087 - 3095. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. H. Gordon, R. J. O'Keefe, E. M. Schwarz, R. N. Rosier, and J. E. Puzas Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B-Dependent Mechanisms in Breast Cancer Cells Regulate Tumor Burden and Osteolysis in Bone Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 65(8): 3209 - 3217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. M. W. Petersen and B. K. Pedersen The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2005; 98(4): 1154 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. P. Fischer, P. Plomgaard, A. K. Hansen, H. Pilegaard, B. Saltin, and B. K. Pedersen Endurance training reduces the contraction-induced interleukin-6 mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2004; 287(6): E1189 - E1194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. G. Holmes, M. J. Watt, and M. A. Febbraio Suppressing lipolysis increases interleukin-6 at rest and during prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in humans J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2004; 97(2): 689 - 696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. S. Chan, A. L. Carey, M. J. Watt, and M. A. Febbraio Cytokine gene expression in human skeletal muscle during concentric contraction: evidence that IL-8, like IL-6, is influenced by glycogen availability Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2004; 287(2): R322 - R327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. P. Fischer, N. J. Hiscock, M. Penkowa, S. Basu, B. Vessby, A. Kallner, L.-B. Sjoberg, and B. K. Pedersen Supplementation with vitamins C and E inhibits the release of interleukin-6 from contracting human skeletal muscle J. Physiol., July 15, 2004; 558(2): 633 - 645. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. Nieman, J. M. Davis, V. A. Brown, D. A. Henson, C. L. Dumke, A. C. Utter, D. M. Vinci, M. F. Downs, J. C. Smith, J. Carson, et al. Influence of carbohydrate ingestion on immune changes after 2 h of intensive resistance training J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2004; 96(4): 1292 - 1298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Krogh-Madsen, P. Plomgaard, P. Keller, C. Keller, and B. K. Pedersen Insulin stimulates interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} gene expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2004; 286(2): E234 - E238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Febbraio, P. Ott, H. B. Nielsen, A. Steensberg, C. Keller, P. Krustrup, N. H. Secher, and B. K. Pedersen Hepatosplanchnic clearance of interleukin-6 in humans during exercise Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2003; 285(2): E397 - E402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. C. Nieman, J. M. Davis, D. A. Henson, J. Walberg-Rankin, M. Shute, C. L. Dumke, A. C. Utter, D. M. Vinci, J. A. Carson, A. Brown, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2003; 94(5): 1917 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Steensberg, C. Keller, R. L. Starkie, T. Osada, M. A. Febbraio, and B. K. Pedersen IL-6 and TNF-alpha expression in, and release from, contracting human skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2002; 283(6): E1272 - E1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. FEBBRAIO and B. K. PEDERSEN Muscle-derived interleukin-6: mechanisms for activation and possible biological roles FASEB J, September 1, 2002; 16(11): 1335 - 1347. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. D. Toft, L. B. Jensen, H. Bruunsgaard, T. Ibfelt, J. Halkjar-Kristensen, M. Febbraio, and B. K. Pedersen Cytokine response to eccentric exercise in young and elderly humans Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): C289 - C295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Ronsen, T. Lea, R. Bahr, and B. K. Pedersen Enhanced plasma IL-6 and IL-1ra responses to repeated vs. single bouts of prolonged cycling in elite athletes J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2002; 92(6): 2547 - 2553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Febbraio, R. L. Starkie, S. G. Rhind, and P. N. Shek The Cellular Origin of Plasma Cytokine Expression After Acute Exercise Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2002; 282(4): R1253 - R1257. [Full Text] [PDF]