HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Mo, F. M. Articles by Ballard, H. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Mo, F. M. Articles by Ballard, H. J.

The effect of systemic hypoxia on interstitial and blood adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP in dog skeletal muscle

F. M. Mo and H. J. Ballard

1. We investigated the effect of moderate systemic hypoxia on the arterial, venous and interstital concentration of adenosine and adenine nucleotides in the neurally and vascularly isolated, constant-flow perfused gracilis muscles of anaesthetized dogs.
2. Systemic hypoxia reduced arterial P_O2 from 129 to 28 mmHg, venous P_O2 from 63 to 23 mmHg, arterial pH from 7.43 to 7.36 and venous pH from 7.38 to 7.32. Neither arterial nor venous P_CO2 were changed. Arterial perfusion pressure remained at 109 ± 8 mmHg for the first 5 min of hypoxia, then increased to 131 ± 11 mmHg by 9 min, and then decreased again throughout the rest of the hypoxic period.
3. Arterial adenosine (427 ± 98 nM) did not change during hypoxia, but venous adenosine increased from 350 ± 52 to 518 ± 107 nM. Interstitial adenosine concentration did not increase (339 ± 154 nM in normoxia and 262 ± 97 nM in hypoxia). Neither arterial nor venous nor interstitial concentrations of adenine nucleotides changed significantly in hypoxia.
4. Interstitial adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP increased from 194 ± 40, 351 ± 19, 52 ± 7 and 113 ± 36 to 764 ± 140, 793 ± 119, 403 ± 67 and 574 ± 122 nM, respectively, during 2 Hz muscle contractions.
5. Adenosine, AMP, ADP and ATP infused into the arterial blood did not elevate the interstitial concentration until the arterial concentration exceeded 10 µM.
6. We conclude that the increased adenosine in skeletal muscle during systemic hypoxia is formed by the vascular tissue or the blood cells, and that adenosine is formed intracellularly by these tissues. On the other hand, adenosine formation takes place extracellularly in the interstitial space during muscle contractions.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. M. Marshall The roles of adenosine and related substances in exercise hyperaemia J. Physiol., September 15, 2007; 583(3): 835 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Loffler, J. C. Morote-Garcia, S. A. Eltzschig, I. R. Coe, and H. K. Eltzschig Physiological Roles of Vascular Nucleoside Transporters Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2007; 27(5): 1004 - 1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. A. Martin, W. T. Nicholson, J. H. Eisenach, N. Charkoudian, and M. J. Joyner Influences of adenosine receptor antagonism on vasodilator responses to adenosine and exercise in adenosine responders and nonresponders J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2006; 101(6): 1678 - 1684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Gao, V. Kehoe, J. Xing, L. Sinoway, and J. Li Temperature modulates P2X receptor-mediated cardiovascular responses to muscle afferent activation Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2006; 291(3): H1255 - H1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. P. Walsh and J. M. Marshall The role of adenosine in the early respiratory and cardiovascular changes evoked by chronic hypoxia in the rat J. Physiol., August 15, 2006; 575(1): 277 - 289. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. A. Martin, W. T. Nicholson, J. H. Eisenach, N. Charkoudian, and M. J. Joyner Bimodal distribution of vasodilator responsiveness to adenosine due to difference in nitric oxide contribution: implications for exercise hyperemia J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2006; 101(2): 492 - 499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-h. Kim and N. R. Harris Leukocyte adherence inhibits adenosine-dependent venular control of arteriolar diameter and nitric oxide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 1, 2006; 291(2): H724 - H731. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. E. Kindig, S. G. Hayes, R. L. Hanna, and M. P. Kaufman P2 antagonist PPADS attenuates responses of thin fiber afferents to static contraction and tendon stretch Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2006; 290(3): H1214 - H1219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Gao, O. Henig, V. Kehoe, L. I. Sinoway, and J. Li Vanilloid type 1 receptor and the acid-sensing ion channel mediate acid phosphate activation of muscle afferent nerves in rats J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2006; 100(2): 421 - 426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J Ray and J. M Marshall Measurement of nitric oxide release evoked by systemic hypoxia and adenosine from rat skeletal muscle in vivo J. Physiol., November 1, 2005; 568(3): 967 - 978. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. M. Mo and H. J. Ballard Acute systemic hypoxia elevates venous but not interstitial potassium of dog skeletal muscle Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): H1710 - H1718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. H. Adair Growth regulation of the vascular system: an emerging role for adenosine Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): R283 - R296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. B. Rosenmeier, J. Hansen, and J. Gonzalez-Alonso Circulating ATP-induced vasodilatation overrides sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in human skeletal muscle J. Physiol., July 1, 2004; 558(1): 351 - 365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. L. Hanna and M. P. Kaufman Activation of thin-fiber muscle afferents by a P2X agonist in cats J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2004; 96(3): 1166 - 1169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. K. Eltzschig, J. C. Ibla, G. T. Furuta, M. O. Leonard, K. A. Jacobson, K. Enjyoji, S. C. Robson, and S. P. Colgan Coordinated Adenine Nucleotide Phosphohydrolysis and Nucleoside Signaling in Posthypoxic Endothelium: Role of Ectonucleotidases and Adenosine A2B Receptors J. Exp. Med., September 2, 2003; 198(5): 783 - 796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Li, N. C. King, and L. I. Sinoway ATP concentrations and muscle tension increase linearly with muscle contraction J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2003; 95(2): 577 - 583. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. L. Hanna and M. P. Kaufman Role played by purinergic receptors on muscle afferents in evoking the exercise pressor reflex J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2003; 94(4): 1437 - 1445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. L. Hanna, S. G. Hayes, and M. P. Kaufman alpha ,beta -Methylene ATP elicits a reflex pressor response arising from muscle in decerebrate cats J Appl Physiol, September 1, 2002; 93(3): 834 - 841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]