HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 545/2/475    most recent 2002.031914v1 Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Manzini, I. Articles by Schild, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Manzini, I. Articles by Schild, D.

cAMP-independent responses of olfactory neurons in Xenopus laevis tadpoles and their projection onto olfactory bulb neurons

Ivan Manzini, Wolfgang Rössler and Detlev Schild

We report on responses of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) upon application of amino acids and forskolin using a novel slice preparation of the olfactory epithelium of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Responses were measured using the patch-clamp technique. Both amino acids and forskolin proved to be potent stimuli. Interestingly, a number of ORNs that responded to amino acids did not respond to forskolin. This suggests that some amino acids activate transduction pathways other than the well-known cAMP-mediated one. The differential processing of cAMP-mediated stimuli on the one hand and amino acid stimuli on the other was further elucidated by calcium-imaging of olfactory bulb neurons using a novel nose-olfactory bulb preparation of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. The projection pattern of amino acid-sensitive ORNs to olfactory bulb neurons differed markedly from the projection pattern of forskolin-sensitive ORNs. Olfactory bulb neurons activated by amino acids were located laterally compared to those activated by forskolin, and only a small proportion responded to both stimuli. The ensemble of neurons activated by forskolin was also activated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and the membrane-permeant cAMP analogue 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (pCPT-cAMP). We therefore conclude that sensory transduction of a number of amino acids is cAMP independent, and amino acid- and cAMP-mediated responses are processed differentially at the level of the olfactory bulb.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				I. Manzini, C. Brase, T.-W. Chen, and D. Schild Response profiles to amino acid odorants of olfactory glomeruli in larval Xenopus laevis J. Physiol., June 1, 2007; 581(2): 567 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Czesnik, D. Schild, J. Kuduz, and I. Manzini Cannabinoid action in the olfactory epithelium PNAS, February 20, 2007; 104(8): 2967 - 2972. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T.-W. Chen, B.-J. Lin, E. Brunner, and D. Schild In Situ Background Estimation in Quantitative Fluorescence Imaging Biophys. J., April 1, 2006; 90(7): 2534 - 2547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. A. Nikonov and J. Caprio Odorant Specificity of Single Olfactory Bulb Neurons to Amino Acids in the Channel Catfish J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2004; 92(1): 123 - 134. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Manzini and D. Schild Classes and Narrowing Selectivity of Olfactory Receptor Neurons of Xenopus laevis Tadpoles J. Gen. Physiol., January 26, 2004; 123(2): 99 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Hansen, S. H. Rolen, K. Anderson, Y. Morita, J. Caprio, and T. E. Finger Correlation between Olfactory Receptor Cell Type and Function in the Channel Catfish J. Neurosci., October 15, 2003; 23(28): 9328 - 9339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]