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Effects of ageing and regular aerobic exercise on endothelial fibrinolytic capacity in humans

Derek T. Smith*, Greta L. Hoetzer*, Jared J. Greiner*, Brian L. Stauffer*† and Christopher A. DeSouza*‡

The capacity of the vascular endothelium locally to release tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is critical for effective endogenous fibrinolysis. We determined the influence of ageing and regular aerobic exercise on the net release of t-PA across the human forearm in vivo using both cross-sectional and intervention approaches. First, we studied 62 healthy men aged 22-35 or 50-75 years of age who were either sedentary or endurance exercise-trained. Net endothelial release rates of t-PA were calculated as the product of the arteriovenous concentration gradient and forearm plasma flow to intra-arterial bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside. Second, we studied 10 older (60 ± 2 years) healthy sedentary men before and after a 3 month aerobic exercise intervention. Net endothelial t-PA release was significantly blunted with age in the sedentary men. At the highest dose of bradykinin the increase in t-PA antigen release was ~35 % less (P < 0.05) in the older (from -1.0 ± 0.4 to 37.8 ± 3.8 ng (100 ml tissue)^-1 min^-1) compared with young (from 0.1 ± 0.6 to 56.6 ± 9.2 ng (100 ml tissue)^-1 min^-1) men. In contrast, the endurance-trained men did not demonstrate an age-related decline in the net release of t-PA antigen. After the exercise intervention, the capacity of the endothelium to release t-PA increased ~55 % (P < 0.05) to levels similar to those of the young adults and older endurance-trained men. Regulated endothelial t-PA release declines with age in sedentary men. Regular aerobic exercise may not only prevent, but could also reverse the age-related loss in endothelial fibrinolytic function.

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