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Effects of short-term training on plasma acid-base balance during incremental exercise in man

Charles T. Putman*, Norman L. Jones and George J. F. Heigenhauser

The present study examined the effect of short-term submaximal training on plasma acid-base balance during exercise. The influence of water and ion exchange between plasma, active muscles and erythrocytes in the response to training were also studied. The contributions of independent physicochemical variables (i.e. strong ion difference ([SID]), total concentration of weak acids ([A_tot]) and P_O2) to changes in arterial (a) and femoral venous (v) plasma [H⁺] were examined in six subjects (age 24 ± 1.5 years; maximum oxygen consumption rate (_O2,max), 3.67 ± 0.24 l min^-1) during steady-state cycling for 15 min at each of 30, 65 and 75 % of _O2,max before (pre) and after (post) training for 7 days on a cycle ergometer (2 h daily at 60 % _O2,max). The rise in [H⁺]_a during exercise was attenuated post-training by 3 and 5 nequiv l^-1 (P < 0.05) at 65 and 75 % _O2,max, respectively, due first to less decrease in [SID]_a, secondary to lower [Cl^-]_a and [Lac^-]_a; and second, to a reduction in [A_tot]_a, due to greater plasma volume and less plasma water flux (J_v) into leg muscle (P < 0.05). The rise in [H⁺]_v was also less in post-training by 4.5 and 6 nequiv l^-1 (P < 0.05) at 65 and 75 % _O2,max, respectively, and attributed solely to lower [A_tot]_v (P < 0.05). Attenuation of exercise induced decreases in plasma [SID]_a and [SID]_v from rest to 75 % _O2,max was accompanied by reductions in erythrocyte Lac^- and Cl^- uptake (P < 0.05), and smaller increases in erythrocyte K⁺ release (P < 0.05). We conclude that the training-induced attenuation of the rise in plasma [H⁺]_a and [H⁺]_v during incremental exercise resulted from adaptive changes within muscles (less Lac^- production and less water uptake) and erythrocytes (less uptake of Lac^-, Cl^- and K⁺), leading to greater [SID] and lower [A_tot] in both arterial and femoral venous plasma.

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