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J Physiol Volume 552, Number 2, 561-569, October 15, 2003 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.045559
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J Physiol (2003), 552.2, pp. 561-569
© Copyright 2003 D 2003 The Physiological Society
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.045559

Hypoxic preconditioning enhances renal superoxide dismutase levels in rats

Chau-Fong Chen, Su-Yi Tsai, Ming-Chieh Ma and Ming-Shiou Wu *

Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei and *Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

Renal ischaemia releases reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidneys. We hypothesized that the kidneys are more resistant to the insult of ROS in chronically hypoxic rats. We thus compared rats kept at sea level (SL) and those that had been adapted to hypoxia (hypoxia adapted, HA) by exposure to an altitude of 5500 m in an altitude chamber for 15 h day-1 for 4 weeks. Xanthine (X, 0.75 mg kg-1) and xanthine oxidase (XO, 24.8 mU kg-1) were injected intrarenally. A lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method was employed to detect the amount of free radicals in renal venous blood samples and on the kidney surface. In the renal venous blood samples, 26.05 (± 4.36) times 104 and 10.98 (± 1.79) times 104 counts were detected in the SL and HA rats, respectively, after X-XO treatment; these figures were significantly different. On the kidney surface of the SL rats, the free radical count amounted to 12.77 (± 1.64) times 104, while that in the HA rats was 8.47 (± 0.42) times 104; these figures were also significantly different. There was a significant increase in urine volume and urinary excretion of Na+, K+ and protein after X-XO administration in both groups of rats. However, the effect was greater for the SL rats than for the HA rats. The lipid peroxidation of the kidneys was not significantly different in the two groups of rats. Finally, we found that the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and SOD mRNA were higher in the renal tissue of HA rats. We conclude that the renal response to free radicals is attenuated after chronic hypoxia in rats, and that SOD might play an important role in protecting HA rats from oxidative stress.



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