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Department of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
Cardiac Ca2+ transients are enhanced by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). However, PKA-dependent modulation of ryanodine receptor (RyR) function in intact cells is difficult to measure, because PKA simultaneously increases Ca2+ current (ICa), SR Ca2+ uptake and SR Ca2+ loading (which independently increase SR Ca2+ release). We measured ICa and SR Ca2+ release ± 1 µM isoproterenol (ISO; isoprenaline) in voltage-clamped ventricular myocytes of rabbits and transgenic mice (expressing only non-phosphorylatable phospholamban). This mouse model helps control for any effect of ISO-enhanced SR uptake on observed release, but the two species produced essentially identical results. SR Ca2+ load and ICa were adjusted by conditioning. We thus evaluated PKA effects on SR Ca2+ release at constant SR Ca2+ load and ICa trigger (with constant unitary ICa). The amount of SR Ca2+ release increased as a function of either ICa or SR Ca2+ load, but ISO did not alter the relationships (measured as gain or fractional release). This was true over a wide range of SR Ca2+ load and ICa. However, the maximal rate of SR Ca2+ release was 
50% faster with ISO (at most loads and ICa levels). We conclude that the isolated effect of PKA on SR Ca2+ release is an increase in maximal rate of release and faster turn-off of release (such that integrated SR Ca2+ release is unchanged). The increased amount of SR Ca2+ release normally seen with ISO depends primarily on increased ICa trigger and SR Ca2+ load, whereas faster release kinetics may be the main result of RyR phosphorylation.
(Received 18 September 2003;
accepted after revision 9 January 2004;
first published online 14 January 2004)
Corresponding author D. M. Bers: Department of Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. Email: dbers{at}lumc.edu
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