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1 Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Neurosciences, University Hospitals Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA2 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
We propose the ‘
2-statistic’ for assessing the magnitude and statistical significance of arterial pulse-modulated activity of single neurones and present the results of applying this tool to medullary respiratory-modulated units. This analytical tool is a modification of the 
2-statistic and, consequently, based on the analysis of variance. The 2-statistic reflects the consistency of respiratory-modulated activity on a cycle-by-cycle basis. However, directly applying this test to activity during the cardiac cycle proved ineffective because subjects-by-treatments matrices did not contain enough ‘information’. We increased information by dividing the cardiac cycle into fewer bins, excluding cycles without activity and summing activity over multiple cycles. The analysed neuronal activity was an existing data set examining the neural control of respiration and cough. Neurones were recorded in the nuclei of the solitary tracts, and in the rostral and caudal ventral respiratory groups of decerebrate, neuromuscularly blocked, ventilated cats (n= 19). Two hundred of 246 spike trains were respiratory modulated; of these 53% were inspiratory (I), 36.5% expiratory (E), 6% IE phase spanning and 4.5% EI phase spanning and responsive to airway stimulation. Nearly half (n= 96/200) of the respiratory-modulated units were significantly pulse modulated and 13 were highly modulated with 2 values exceeding 0.3. In 10 of these highly modulated units, 2 values were greater than 0.3 and all 13 had, at least, a portion of their activity during expiration. We conclude that cardiorespiratory interaction is reciprocal; in addition to respiratory-modulated activity in a subset of neuronal activity patterns controlling the cardiovascular system, pulse-modulated activity exists in a subset of neuronal activity patterns controlling the respiratory system. Thus, cardio-ventilatory coupling apparent in respiratory motor output is evident and, perhaps, derived from the neural substrate driving that output.
(Received 4 January 2004;
accepted after revision 19 February 2004;
first published online 20 February 2004)
Corresponding author T. E. Dick: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Biomedical Research Bldg BRB B55, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4941, USA. Email: ted3{at}po.cwru.edu
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