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1 Sports Medicine Research Unit, Bispebjerg Hospital, DK-2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark2 Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada, H4B 1R63 Departments of Immunology and Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark
No studies to date have reported activation of satellite cells in vivo in human muscle after a single bout of high intensity exercise. In this investigation, eight individuals performed a single bout of high intensity exercise with one leg, the contralateral leg being the control. A significant increase in mononuclear cells staining for the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) and fetal antigen 1 (FA1) were observed within the exercised human vastus lateralis muscle on days 4 and 8 post exercise. In addition, a significant increase in the concentration of the FA1 protein was determined in intramuscular dialysate samples taken from the vastus lateralis muscle of the exercising leg (day 0: 1.89 ± 0.82 ng ml–1; day 2: 1.68 ± 0.37 ng ml–1; day 4: 3.26 ± 1.29 ng ml–1, P < 0.05 versus basal; day 8: 4.68 ± 2.06 ng ml–1, P < 0.05 versus basal and control). No change was noted in the control leg. Despite this increase in N-CAM- and FA1-positive mononuclear cells, an increased expression of myogenin and the neonatal isoform of the myosin heavy chain (MHCn) was not observed. Interestingly, myofibre lesions resulting from extensive damage to the proteins within the myofibre, particularly desmin or dystrophin, were not observed, and hence did not appear to induce the expression of either N-CAM or FA1. We therefore propose that satellite cells can be induced to re-enter the cell growth cycle after a single bout of unaccustomed high intensity exercise. However, a single bout of exercise is not sufficient for the satellite cell to undergo terminal differentiation.
(Received 27 January 2004;
accepted after revision 29 April 2004;
first published online 30 April 2004)
Corresponding author R. M. Crameri: Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St West, SP 165-23, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H4B 1R6. Email: rcrameri{at}alcor.concordia.ca
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