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2 Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Department of Infectious Diseases
1 The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
3 Department of Medical Anatomy, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
Skeletal muscle has been recognized as an endocrine organ, and muscle cell cultures express several cytokines with potential hormonal effects. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a chemokine, which induces angiogenesis, is expressed in working muscles; however, the cell source of origin has not been identified. We aimed to elucidate if IL-8 protein is: (1) expressed in contracting muscle fibres and (2) whether there is a release of IL-8 from exercising muscle. Seventeen healthy male volunteers were included in two independent protocols: 3 h of ergometer bicycle exercise at 60% of 
(n
= 6) or rest (n
= 5), and 3 h of two-legged knee-extensor exercise at 60% of maximal workload (n
= 6). Repetitive muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis in all experiments. A marked increase in IL-8 mRNA was found in muscle biopsy samples obtained after exercise. A marked IL-8 protein expression was demonstrated within the cytoplasm of muscle fibres in biopsy samples obtained in the recovery phase following 3 h of bicycle exercise, and the peak occurred 3–6 h postexercise. A small transient net release of IL-8 from working muscle was found at 1.5 h of knee-extensor exercise. However, the small release of IL-8 from muscle did not result in an increase in the systemic plasma concentration of IL-8, suggesting that muscle-derived IL-8 may play a local role, e.g. in angiogenesis.
(Received 22 October 2004;
accepted after revision 23 December 2004;
first published online 23 December 2004)
Corresponding author B. K. Pedersen: Department of Infectious Diseases 7641, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Email: bkp{at}rh.dk
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