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Topical Reviews |
1 Discipline of Physiology, Centre for the Early Origins of Adult Health, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
2 Energy Balance and Obesity Division, Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
There is evidence that changes in perinatal nutrition programme the development of relative fat mass and the regulation of appetite in adult life. These studies have been primarily in the rodent utilizing maternal overnutrition or undernutrition imposed at different stages of pregnancy and beyond, mapping of neuropeptide localization and activity and appropriate null mutant models. Whilst the rodent offers significant advantages in terms of a short gestation and the availability of useful transgenic and null mutant models, there are also advantages to using an animal model more akin to the human, in which all components of the ‘fat–brain axis’ are present before birth, such as the sheep. This review summarizes recent work on the expression and localization of the ‘appetite regulatory’ peptides in the fetal rodent and sheep hypothalamus and their potential role in the early programming of postnatal appetite and obesity.
(Received 21 December 2004;
accepted after revision 8 February 2005;
first published online 10 February 2005)
Corresponding author I. C. McMillen: Centre for the Early Origins of Adult Health, Discipline of Physiology, School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide University, SA 5005, Australia. Email: caroline.mcmillen{at}adelaide.edu.au
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