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1 Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str.27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
2 Physiologisches Institut, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 9, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
3 Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, University of Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
4 Institute for Physiological Chemistry und Pathobiochemistry, Münster University Hospital, Waldeyerstr. 15, D-48149 Münster, Germany
5 Physiologisches Institut, Medizinische Fakultät Carl-Gustav-Carus, Fetscher-Str. 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
Their glycolytic metabolism imposes an increased acid load upon tumour cells. The surplus protons are extruded by the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) which causes an extracellular acidification. It is not yet known by what mechanism extracellular pH (pHe) and NHE activity affect tumour cell migration and thus metastasis. We studied the impact of pHe and NHE activity on the motility of human melanoma (MV3) cells. Cells were seeded on/in collagen I matrices. Migration was monitored employing time lapse video microscopy and then quantified as the movement of the cell centre. Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured fluorometrically. Cell–matrix interactions were tested in cell adhesion assays and by the displacement of microbeads inside a collagen matrix. Migration depended on the integrin 
2ß1. Cells reached their maximum motility at pHe
7.0. They hardly migrated at pHe 6.6 or 7.5, when NHE was inhibited, or when NHE activity was stimulated by loading cells with propionic acid. These procedures also caused characteristic changes in cell morphology and pHi. The changes in pHi, however, did not account for the changes in morphology and migratory behaviour. Migration and morphology more likely correlate with the strength of cell–matrix interactions. Adhesion was the strongest at pHe 6.6. It weakened at basic pHe, upon NHE inhibition, or upon blockage of the integrin 2ß1. We propose that pHe and NHE activity affect migration of human melanoma cells by modulating cell–matrix interactions. Migration is hindered when the interaction is too strong (acidic pHe) or too weak (alkaline pHe or NHE inhibition).
(Received 9 April 2005;
accepted after revision 8 June 2005;
first published online 9 June 2005)
Corresponding author C. Stock: Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str.27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany. Email: cmstock{at}uni-muenster.de
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