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RESPIRATORY |
1 Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951763, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
Inspiration and active expiration are commonly viewed as antagonistic phases of a unitary oscillator that generates respiratory rhythm. This view conflicts with observations we report here in juvenile rats, where by administration of fentanyl, a selective µ-opiate agonist, and induction of lung reflexes, we separately manipulated the frequency of inspirations and expirations. Moreover, completely transecting the brainstem at the caudal end of the facial nucleus abolished active expirations, while rhythmic inspirations continued. We hypothesize that inspiration and expiration are generated by coupled, anatomically separate rhythm generators, one generating active expiration located close to the facial nucleus in the region of the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group, the other generating inspiration located more caudally in the preBötzinger Complex.
(Received 19 September 2005;
accepted after revision 10 November 2005;
first published online 17 November 2005)
Corresponding author W. A. Janczewski: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Box 951763, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA. Email: victoraj{at}mednet.ucla.edu
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