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¹ Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

Experiments were performed on anaesthetized normoxic (N) rats and chronically hypoxic rats that had been exposed to 12% O₂ for 1, 3 or 7 days (1, 3 or 7CH rats). The adenosine A₁ receptor antagonist DPCPX did not affect the resting hyperventilation of 1–7CH rats breathing 12% O₂ and increased resting heart rate (HR) in 1CH rats only. DPCPX partially restored the decreased baseline arterial pressure (ABP) and increased femoral vascular conductance (FVC) of 1 and 3CH rats, but had no effect in N or 7CH rats. DPCPX also attenuated the decrease in arterial blood pressure (ABP) and increase in FVC evoked by acute hypoxia in N and 1–7CH rats. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 8-SPT had no further effect on baselines or cardiovascular responses to acute hypoxia, but attenuated the hypoxia-evoked increase in respiratory frequency in 1–7CH rats. In N, and 1 and 3CH rats, the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine had no effect on baselines or increases in FVC evoked by acetylcholine. We propose: (i) that tonically released adenosine acting on A₁ receptors reduces HR in 1CH rats and stimulates endothelial NOS in 1 and 3CH rats to decrease ABP and increase FVC, the remaining NO-dependent tonic vasodilatation being independent of iNOS activity; (ii) that in 7CH rats, tonic adenosine release has waned; (iii) that in 1–7CH rats, adenosine released by acute hypoxia stimulates A₁ but not A₂ receptors to produce muscle vasodilatation, and stimulates carotid body A₂ receptors to increase respiration.

(Received 3 March 2006; accepted after revision 10 May 2006; first published online 11 May 2006)
Corresponding author J. M. Marshall: Department of Physiology, The Medical School, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. Email: j.m.marshall{at}bham.ac.uk

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