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¹ Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK

Prolonged hyperglycaemia impairs vascular reactivity and inhibits voltage-activated K⁺ (Kv) channels. We examined acute effects of altering glucose concentration on the activity and inhibition by endothelin-1 (ET-1) of Kv currents of freshly isolated rat arterial myocytes. Peak Kv currents recorded in glucose-free solution were reversibly reduced within 200 s by increasing extracellular glucose to 4 mM. This inhibitory effect of glucose was abolished by protein kinase C inhibitor peptide (PKC-IP), and Kv currents were further reduced in 10 mM glucose. In current-clamped cells, membrane potentials were more negative in 4 than in 10 mM glucose. In 4 mM D-glucose, 10 nM ET-1 decreased peak Kv current amplitude at +60 mV from 23.5 ± 3.3 to 12.1 ± 3.1 pA pF^–1 (n = 6, P < 0.001) and increased the rate of inactivation, decreasing the time constant around fourfold. Inhibition by ET-1 was prevented by PKC-IP. When D-glucose was increased to 10 mM, ET-1 no longer inhibited Kv current (n = 6). Glucose metabolism was required for prevention of ET-1 inhibition of Kv currents, since fructose mimicked the effects of D-glucose, while L-glucose, sucrose or mannitol were without effect. Endothelin receptors were still functional in 10 mM D-glucose, since pinacidil-activated ATP-dependent K⁺ (K_ATP) currents were reduced by 10 nM ET-1. This inhibition was nearly abolished by PKC-IP, indicating that endothelin receptors could still activate PKC in 10 mM D-glucose. These results indicate that changes in extracellular glucose concentration within the physiological range can reduce Kv current amplitude and can have major effects on Kv channel modulation by vasoconstrictors.

(Received 23 May 2006; accepted after revision 2 July 2006; first published online 6 July 2006)
Corresponding author N. B. Standen: Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, PO Box 138, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Email: nbs{at}le.ac.uk

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