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INTEGRATIVE |
1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Food Sciences and Agriculture, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1K 7P4, Canada
2 Institute of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Agriculture, Laval University, Québec, QC, G1K 7P4, Canada
3 Lipid Research Center, Laval University Hospital Center (CHUL), Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
4 USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
5 Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
The ability of the skeletal musculature to use amino acids to build or renew constitutive proteins is gradually lost with age and this is partly due to a decline in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. Since long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn–3PUFA) from fish oil are known to improve insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant states, their potential role in regulating insulin-mediated protein metabolism was investigated in this study. Experimental data are based on a switchback design composed of three 5 week experimental periods using six growing steers to compare the effect of a continuous abomasal infusion of LCn–3PUFA-rich menhaden oil with an iso-energetic control oil mixture. Clamp and insulin signalling observations were combined with additional data from a second cohort of six steers. We found that enteral LCn–3PUFA potentiate insulin action by increasing the insulin-stimulated whole-body disposal of amino acids from 152 to 308 µmol kg–1 h–1 (P = 0.006). The study further showed that in the fed steady-state, chronic adaptation to LCn–3PUFA induces greater activation (P < 0.05) of the Akt–mTOR–S6K1 signalling pathway. Simultaneously, whole-body total flux of phenylalanine was reduced from 87 to 67 µmol kg–1 h–1 (P = 0.04) and oxidative metabolism was decreased (P = 0.05). We conclude that chronic feeding of menhaden oil provides a novel nutritional mean to enhance insulin-sensitive aspects of protein metabolism.
(Received 12 September 2006;
accepted after revision 28 November 2006;
first published online 7 December 2006)
Corresponding author M. Carole Thivierge: Department of animal science, Faculty of Food Sciences and Agriculture, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1K 7P4 Canada. Email: carole.thivierge{at}san.ulaval.ca
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