| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
INTEGRATIVE |
1 Department of Exercise Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
2 Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA
3 US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Military Nutrition Division, Natick, MA 01760, USA
4 Baystate Medical Center, Trauma Service, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
We examined the effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) on alterations in gene expression and respective protein products in human skeletal muscle 2 days and 5 days post-SCI. Biopsies were taken from skeletal muscle of 9 men and 1 woman (n = 10) (43.9 ± 6.7 years) 2 days and 5 days post-SCI and from 5 healthy young men who served as controls (20.4 ± 0.5 years). Global changes in gene expression were analysed using Affymetrix GeneChips on a subsample of subjects (n = 3). Candidate genes were then pursued via qRT-PCR. Western blotting (WB) was used to quantify protein products of candidate genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to localize proteins. Groups of transcripts showing the greatest percentage of altered expression, the most robust fold-changes, and indicative of involvement of an entire pathway using the GeneChip included genes involved in the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), metallothionein function, and protease inhibition. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed increases in gene expression for UPP components (UBE3C, Atrogin-1, MURF1, and PSMD11), the metallothioneins (MT1A, MT1F, MT1H), and the protease inhibitor, SLPI (P < 0.05) at 2 days and 5 days post-SCI. Protein levels of the proteasome subunit (PSMD11) and the metallothioneins were increased 5 days post-SCI. Protein levels of UBE3C, Atrogin-1, MURF1 and SLPI were unchanged (P > 0.05). IHC showed increased staining for PSMD11 and the metallothioneins 5 days post-SCI, along the peripheral region of the cells. IHC also showed altered staining for Atrogin-1 at 5 days post-SCI along the membrane region. Thus, there was a profound increase in gene expression of UPP components, the metallothioneins, and the protease inhibitor, SLPI, within 5 days of SCI. Increased protein levels for PSMD11 and the metallothioneins 5 days post-SCI, specifically along the cell periphery, indicate that proteins in this region may be early targets for degradation post-SCI.
(Received 30 August 2006;
accepted after revision 4 January 2007;
first published online 11 January 2007)
Corresponding author M. L. Urso: USARIEM, Military Performance Division, Building 42, Kansas Street, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA. Email: maria.urso{at}us.army.mil
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  M. J Rennie, P. Atherton, A. Selby, K. Smith, M. Narici, M. de Boer, S. Phillips, and E. Glover Letter to the Editor on the Journal Club article by Barker and Traber J. Physiol., January 1, 2008; 586(1): 307 - 308. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Barker and M. G. Traber Reply from Tyler Barker and Maret G. Traber J. Physiol., January 1, 2008; 586(1): 309 - 310. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. Raue, D. Slivka, B. Jemiolo, C. Hollon, and S. Trappe Proteolytic Gene Expression Differs At Rest and After Resistance Exercise Between Young and Old Women J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2007; 62(12): 1407 - 1412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. D. de Boer, A. Selby, P. Atherton, K. Smith, O. R. Seynnes, C. N. Maganaris, N. Maffulli, T. Movin, M. V. Narici, and M. J. Rennie The temporal responses of protein synthesis, gene expression and cell signalling in human quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon to disuse J. Physiol., November 15, 2007; 585(1): 241 - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Barker and M. G. Traber From animals to humans: evidence linking oxidative stress as a causative factor in muscle atrophy J. Physiol., September 1, 2007; 583(2): 421 - 422. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. H. Damon, J. A. teRiele, and S. B. Marko Vascular-derived artemin: a determinant of vascular sympathetic innervation? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): H266 - H273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Deschenes When size really does matter J. Physiol., March 15, 2007; 579(3): 567 - 567. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
