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J Physiol Volume 583, Number 2, 437-443, September 1, 2007 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.135590
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SYMPOSIUM REPORT

Hypothalamic leptin regulation of energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism

 Gregory J. Morton1

1 Department of Medicine, Harbourview Medical Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA

Growing evidence suggests that food intake, energy expenditure and endogenous glucose production are regulated by hypothalamic areas that respond to a variety of peripheral signals. Therefore, in response to a reduction in energy stores or circulating nutrients, the brain initiates responses in order to promote positive energy balance to restore and maintain energy and glucose homeostasis. In contrast, in times of nutrient abundance and excess energy storage, key hypothalamic areas activate responses to promote negative energy balance (i.e. reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure) and decreased nutrient availability (reduced endogenous glucose production). Accordingly, impaired responses or ‘resistance’ to afferent input from these hormonal or nutrient-related signals would be predicted to favour weight gain and insulin resistance and may contribute to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

(Received 30 April 2007; accepted after revision 19 June 2007; first published online 21 June 2007)
Corresponding author G. J. Morton: Department of Medicine, Harbourview Medical Center, University of Washington 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359675, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. Email: gjmorton{at}u.washington.edu

This report was presented at The Journal of Physiology Symposium on Obesity and the central nervous system, Washington, DC, USA, 1 September 2007. It was commissioned by the Editorial Board and reflects the views of the author.




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