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J Physiol Volume 585, Number 1, 241-251, November 15, 2007 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142828
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SKELETAL MUSCLE AND EXERCISE

The temporal responses of protein synthesis, gene expression and cell signalling in human quadriceps muscle and patellar tendon to disuse

 Maarten D. de Boer1, Anna Selby2, Philip Atherton2, Ken Smith2, Olivier R. Seynnes1, Constantinos N. Maganaris1, Nicola Maffulli3, Tomas Movin4, Marco V. Narici1 and Michael J. Rennie2

1 Instititute for Biophysical and Clinical Research into Human Movement, Manchester Metropolitan University, Alsager ST7 2HL, UK
2 University of Nottingham, School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, Derby City General Hospital, Derby DE22 1HX. UK
3 Keele University School of Medicine, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, UK
4 Centrum för Kirurgisk Vetenskap, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge Universitetssjukhus AB, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden

We hypothesized that rates of myofibrillar and patellar tendon collagen synthesis would fall over time during disuse, the changes being accompanied in muscle by decreases in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation and in gene expression for proteolytic enzymes. We studied nine men (22 ± 4 years, BMI 24 ± 3 kg m–2 (means ± S.D.) who underwent unilateral lower leg suspension for 23 days; five were studied between 0 and 10 days and four between 10 and 21 days. Muscle and tendon biopsies were taken in the postabsorptive state at days 0, 10 and 21 for measurement of protein synthesis, gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Muscle cross-sectional area decreased by 5.2% at 14 days and 10.0% (both P < 0.001), at 23 days, i.e. 0.5% day–1, whereas tendon dimensions were constant. Rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis fell (P < 0.01) from 0.047% h–1 at day 0 to 0.022% h–1 at 10 days without further changes. Tendon collagen synthetic rates also fell (P < 0.01), from 0.052 to 0.023% h–1 at 10 days and then to 0.010% h–1 at 21 days. FAK phosphorylation decreased 30% (P < 0.01) at 10 days. No changes occurred in the amounts/phosphorylation of PKB–P70s6k–mTOR pathway components. Expression of mRNA for MuRF-1 increased ~3-fold at 10 days without changes in MAFbx or tripeptidyl peptidase II mRNA, but all decreased between 10 and 21 days. Thus, both myofibrillar and tendon protein synthetic rates show progressive decreases during 21 days of disuse; in muscle, this is accompanied by decreased phosphorylation of FAK, with no marked increases in genes for proteolytic enzymes.

(Received 9 July 2007; accepted after revision 25 September 2007; first published online 27 September 2007)
Corresponding author M. J. Rennie: School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Graduate Entry Medical School, Derby City General Hospital, Uttoxeter Road, Derby DE22 1HX, UK. Email: michael.rennie{at}nottingham.ac.uk

M. D. de Boer, A. Selby and P. Atherton contributed equally to this work. This paper has online supplemental material.






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