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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 586/1/35    most recent jphysiol.2007.143834v1 Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Joyner, M. J. Articles by Coyle, E. F. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Joyner, M. J. Articles by Coyle, E. F. Related Collections Review articles

¹ Departments of Anaesthesiology and Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester, MN 55905, USA
² Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

Efforts to understand human physiology through the study of champion athletes and record performances have been ongoing for about a century. For endurance sports three main factors – maximal oxygen consumption , the so-called ‘lactate threshold’ and efficiency (i.e. the oxygen cost to generate a give running speed or cycling power output) – appear to play key roles in endurance performance. and lactate threshold interact to determine the ‘performance ‘ which is the oxygen consumption that can be sustained for a given period of time. Efficiency interacts with the performance to establish the speed or power that can be generated at this oxygen consumption. This review focuses on what is currently known about how these factors interact, their utility as predictors of elite performance, and areas where there is relatively less information to guide current thinking. In this context, definitive ideas about the physiological determinants of running and cycling efficiency is relatively lacking in comparison with and the lactate threshold, and there is surprisingly limited and clear information about the genetic factors that might pre-dispose for elite performance. It should also be cautioned that complex motivational and sociological factors also play important roles in who does or does not become a champion and these factors go far beyond simple physiological explanations. Therefore, the performance of elite athletes is likely to defy the types of easy explanations sought by scientific reductionism and remain an important puzzle for those interested in physiological integration well into the future.

(Received 24 August 2007; accepted after revision 26 September 2007; first published online 27 September 2007)
Corresponding author M. J. Joyner: Departments of Anaesthesiology and Physiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Email: joyner.michael{at}mayo.edu

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				M. J. Joyner and B. Saltin Exercise physiology and human performance: systems biology before systems biology! J. Physiol., January 1, 2008; 586(1): 9 - 9. [Full Text] [PDF]