| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Received April 11, 2001
Accepted after revision September 12, 2001
1 Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
2 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park and Hershey, PA, USA
3 Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Medical College of Virginia at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
4 DLR-Institute for Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
5 Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
6 The University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
7 Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
8 Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
9 Biomedical Engineering and Biology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: benjaminlevine{at}texashealth.org.
Orthostatic intolerance is common when astronauts return to Earth: after brief spaceflight, up to two-thirds are unable to remain standing for 10 min. Previous research suggests that susceptible individuals are unable to increase their systemic vascular resistance and plasma noradrenaline concentrations above pre-flight upright levels. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that adaptation to the microgravity of space impairs sympathetic neural responses to upright posture on Earth. We studied six astronauts ~72 and 23 days before and on landing day after the 16 day Neurolab space shuttle mission. We measured heart rate, arterial pressure and cardiac output, and calculated stroke volume and total peripheral resistance, during supine rest and 10 min of 60 deg upright tilt. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was recorded in five subjects, as a direct measure of sympathetic nervous system responses. As in previous studies, mean (± S.E.M.) stroke volume was lower (46 ± 5 vs. 76 ± 3 ml, P = 0.017) and heart rate was higher (93 ± 1 vs. 74 ± 4 beats min-1, P = 0.002) during tilt after spaceflight than before spaceflight. Total peripheral resistance during tilt post flight was higher in some, but not all astronauts (1674 ± 256 vs. 1372 ± 62 dynes s cm-5, P = 0.32). No crew member exhibited orthostatic hypotension or presyncopal symptoms during the 10 min of postflight tilting. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was higher post flight in all subjects, in supine (27 ± 4 vs. 17 ± 2 bursts min-1, P = 0.04) and tilted (46 ± 4 vs. 38 ± 3 bursts min-1, P = 0.01) positions. A strong (r2 = 0.91-1.00) linear correlation between left ventricular stroke volume and muscle sympathetic nerve activity suggested that sympathetic responses were appropriate for the haemodynamic challenge of upright tilt and were unaffected by spaceflight. We conclude that after 16 days of spaceflight, muscle sympathetic nerve responses to upright tilt are normal.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  P. N. Colleran, B. J. Behnke, M. K. Wilkerson, A. J. Donato, and M. D. Delp Simulated microgravity alters rat mesenteric artery vasoconstrictor dynamics through an intracellular Ca2+ release mechanism Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2008; 294(5): R1577 - R1585. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Fischer, P. Arbeille, J. K. Shoemaker, D. D. O'Leary, and R. L. Hughson Altered hormonal regulation and blood flow distribution with cardiovascular deconditioning after short-duration head down bed rest J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2007; 103(6): 2018 - 2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Baevsky, V. M. Baranov, I. I. Funtova, A. Diedrich, A. V. Pashenko, A. G. Chernikova, J. Drescher, J. Jordan, and J. Tank Autonomic cardiovascular and respiratory control during prolonged spaceflights aboard the International Space Station J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2007; 103(1): 156 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Hwang, S. A. Shelkovnikov, and R. E. Purdy Simulated microgravity effects on the rat carotid and femoral arteries: role of contractile protein expression and mechanical properties of the vessel wall J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2007; 102(4): 1595 - 1603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K.-i. Iwasaki, B. D. Levine, R. Zhang, J. H. Zuckerman, J. A. Pawelczyk, A. Diedrich, A. C. Ertl, J. F. Cox, W. H. Cooke, C. A. Giller, et al. Human cerebral autoregulation before, during and after spaceflight J. Physiol., March 15, 2007; 579(3): 799 - 810. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Fu, R. P. Shook, K. Okazaki, J. L. Hastings, S. Shibata, C. L. Conner, M. D. Palmer, and B. D. Levine Vasomotor sympathetic neural control is maintained during sustained upright posture in humans J. Physiol., December 1, 2006; 577(2): 679 - 687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Mueller, M. J. Sullivan, R. R. Grindstaff, J. T. Cunningham, and E. M. Hasser Regulation of plasma vasopressin and renin activity in conscious hindlimb-unloaded rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): R46 - R52. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Serrador, R. L. Hughson, J. M. Kowalchuk, R. L. Bondar, and A. W. Gelb Cerebral blood flow during orthostasis: role of arterial CO2 Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): R1087 - R1093. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. V. Pancheva, V. S. Panchev, A. V. Suvandjieva, and B. D. Levine Lower body negative pressure vs. lower body positive pressure to prevent cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight. What caused the controversy? J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2006; 100(3): 1090 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Foley, P. J. Mueller, E. M. Hasser, and C. M. Heesch Hindlimb unloading and female gender attenuate baroreflex-mediated sympathoexcitation Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2005; 289(5): R1440 - R1447. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Charkoudian, M. J Joyner, C. P Johnson, J. H Eisenach, N. M Dietz, and B. G Wallin Balance between cardiac output and sympathetic nerve activity in resting humans: role in arterial pressure regulation J. Physiol., October 1, 2005; 568(1): 315 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Jacob, A. Gamboa, A. Diedrich, C. Shibao, D. Robertson, and I. Biaggioni Tyramine-Induced Vasodilation Mediated by Dopamine Contamination: A Paradox Resolved Hypertension, August 1, 2005; 46(2): 355 - 359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Fu, S. Witkowski, K. Okazaki, and B. D. Levine Effects of gender and hypovolemia on sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): R109 - R116. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Mueller, C. M. Foley, and E. M. Hasser Hindlimb unloading alters nitric oxide and autonomic control of resting arterial pressure in conscious rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2005; 289(1): R140 - R147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Gisolf, R. V. Immink, J. J. van Lieshout, W. J. Stok, and J. M. Karemaker Orthostatic blood pressure control before and after spaceflight, determined by time-domain baroreflex method J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2005; 98(5): 1682 - 1690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Fu, R. Zhang, S. Witkowski, A. Arbab-Zadeh, A. Prasad, K. Okazaki, and B. D. Levine Persistent Sympathetic Activation During Chronic Antihypertensive Therapy: A Potential Mechanism for Long Term Morbidity? Hypertension, April 1, 2005; 45(4): 513 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Ector, R. Willems, H. Heidbüchel, and T. Reybrouck Repeated tilt testing in patients with tilt-positive neurally mediated syncope Europace, January 1, 2005; 7(6): 628 - 633. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Fu, S. Witkowski, and B. D. Levine Vasoconstrictor Reserve and Sympathetic Neural Control of Orthostasis Circulation, November 2, 2004; 110(18): 2931 - 2937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-i. Iwasaki, R. Zhang, M. A. Perhonen, J. H. Zuckerman, and B. D. Levine Reduced baroreflex control of heart period after bed rest is normalized by acute plasma volume restoration Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2004; 287(5): R1256 - R1262. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Grenon, S. Hurwitz, N. Sheynberg, X. Xiao, C. D. Ramsdell, C. L. Mai, C. Kim, R. J. Cohen, and G. H. Williams Role of individual predisposition in orthostatic intolerance before and after simulated microgravity J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2004; 96(5): 1714 - 1722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kamiya, D. Michikami, T. Shiozawa, S. Iwase, J. Hayano, T. Kawada, K. Sunagawa, and T. Mano Bed rest attenuates sympathetic and pressor responses to isometric exercise in antigravity leg muscles in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, May 1, 2004; 286(5): R844 - R850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. V. Meck, W. W. Waters, M. G. Ziegler, H. F. deBlock, P. J. Mills, D. Robertson, and P. L. Huang Mechanisms of postspaceflight orthostatic hypotension: low {alpha}1-adrenergic receptor responses before flight and central autonomic dysregulation postflight Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2004; 286(4): H1486 - H1495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. P. Bleeker, P. C. E. De Groot, J. A. Pawelczyk, M. T. E. Hopman, and B. D. Levine Effects of 18 days of bed rest on leg and arm venous properties J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2004; 96(3): 840 - 847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kamiya, D. Michikami, S. Iwase, J. Hayano, T. Kawada, M. Sugimachi, and K. Sunagawa {alpha}-Adrenergic vascular responsiveness to sympathetic nerve activity is intact after head-down bed rest in humans Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): R151 - R157. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Fu, A. Arbab-Zadeh, M. A. Perhonen, R. Zhang, J. H. Zuckerman, and B. D. Levine Hemodynamics of orthostatic intolerance: implications for gender differences Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, January 1, 2004; 286(1): H449 - H457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kamiya, D. Michikami, Q. Fu, S. Iwase, J. Hayano, T. Kawada, T. Mano, and K. Sunagawa Pathophysiology of orthostatic hypotension after bed rest: paradoxical sympathetic withdrawal Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, August 7, 2003; 285(3): H1158 - H1167. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. E. Wilson, M. Shibasaki, J. Cui, B. D. Levine, and C. G. Crandall Effects of 14 days of head-down tilt bed rest on cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses in humans J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2003; 94(6): 2113 - 2118. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. G. Crandall, M. Shibasaki, T. E. Wilson, J. Cui, and B. D. Levine Prolonged head-down tilt exposure reduces maximal cutaneous vasodilator and sweating capacity in humans J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2003; 94(6): 2330 - 2336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P-F. Migeotte, G. K. Prisk, and M. Paiva Microgravity alters respiratory sinus arrhythmia and short-term heart rate variability in humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2003; 284(6): H1995 - H2006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Carter, C. A. Ray, and W. H. Cooke Vestibulosympathetic reflex during mental stress J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2002; 93(4): 1260 - 1264. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH |
