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Received February 5, 2002
Accepted after revision March 5, 2002
1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
2 Program in Molecular and Cellular Systems Physiology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
3 Program in Molecular and Cellular Systems Physiology, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
4 Program in Molecular and Cellular Systems Physiology, Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
5 Program in Molecular and Cellular Systems Physiology, Departments of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
6 Program in Molecular and Cellular Systems Physiology, The Institute for Molecular Cardiobiology and The Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
7 Program in Molecular and Cellular Systems Physiology, Departments of * Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Traylor Building, Room 710A, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hcolecra{at}bme.jhu.edu.
Recombinant adenoviruses were used to overexpress green fluorescent protein (GFP)-fused auxiliary Ca2+ channel ß subunits (ß1-ß4) in cultured adult rat heart cells, to explore new dimensions of ß subunit functions in vivo. Distinct ß-GFP subunits distributed differentially between the surface sarcolemma, transverse elements, and nucleus in single heart cells. All ß-GFP subunits increased the native cardiac whole-cell L-type Ca2+ channel current density, but produced distinctive effects on channel inactivation kinetics. The degree of enhancement of whole-cell current density was non-uniform between ß subunits, with a rank order of potency ß2a ~ ß4 > ß1b > ß3. For each ß subunit, the increase in L-type current density was accompanied by a correlative increase in the maximal gating charge (Qmax) moved with depolarization. However, ß subunits produced characteristic effects on single L-type channel gating, resulting in divergent effects on channel open probability (Po). Quantitative analysis and modelling of single-channel data provided a kinetic signature for each channel type. Spurred on by ambiguities regarding the molecular identity of the actual endogenous cardiac L-type channel ß subunit, we cloned a new rat ß2 splice variant, ß2b, from heart using 5â rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. By contrast with ß2a, expression of ß2b in heart cells yielded channels with a microscopic gating signature virtually identical to that of native unmodified channels. Our results provide novel insights into ß subunit functions that are unattainable in traditional heterologous expression studies, and also provide new perspectives on the molecular identity of the ß subunit component of cardiac L-type Ca2+ channels. Overall, the work establishes a powerful experimental protocol to explore novel functions of ion channel subunits in their native environments.
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