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First published online on November 29, 2002.
Copyright © 2002 by The Physiological Society
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Received July 18, 2002
Accepted after revision October 30, 2002

Oscillations in ciliary beat frequency and intracellular calcium concentration in rabbit tracheal epithelial cells induced by ATP

Luo Zhang1 and M. J. Sanderson2*

1 Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
2 Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Michael.Sanderson{at}umassmed.edu.

To investigate how Ca2+ regulates airway ciliary activity, changes in ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of rabbit tracheal ciliated cells in response to ATP, ciliated cells were simultaneously quantified with high-speed phase-contrast and fast fluorescence imaging. [ATP]<= 1 µM induced an increase in [Ca2+]i and CBF that declined to the initial basal levels and was followed by irregular brief increases in [Ca2+]i and CBF. [ATP] >1 but < 16 µM induced a similar increase in [Ca2+]i and CBF but this was followed by oscillations in CBF and [Ca2+]i. The minimum CBF of the oscillations in CBF remained elevated above the basal rate while the minimum concentration of the [Ca2+]i oscillations returned to the basal level. The minimum and maximum CBF of the oscillations in CBF were independent of the [ATP], whereas the frequency of the oscillations in CBF was dependent on the [ATP]. Similar oscillations in CBF and [Ca2+]i were induced by ATP- {gamma} -S. Although ADP, AMP and adenosine induced a Ca2+-independent increase in CBF, neither ATP nor ATP- {gamma} -S induced an increase in CBF when the Ca2+ increases were abolished by 20 µM BAPTA AM; a result suggesting that ATP hydrolysis was minimal. [ATP] >=16 µM induced a sustained elevation in CBF and only a temporary, non-oscillating increase in [Ca2+]i. A similar response was induced by thapsigargin (2 µM). Flash photolysis of caged Ca2+ (NP-EGTA) produced both transient and prolonged increases in [Ca2+]i which were accompanied by transient and sustained increases in CBF, respectively. From these results, we propose that CBF can be increased by a direct Ca2 -dependent mechanism that generates the rapid increases in CBF associated with the oscillations or by an indirect Ca2+-dependent mechanism that is responsible for the sustained minimum increase in CBF.




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