| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Vestibular-dependent responses in leg muscles following transmastoid galvanic stimulation have been well characterized. Here we describe the properties of vestibulocollic responses evoked by transmastoid galvanic stimulation.
In twelve healthy human subjects we examined the averaged responses in unrectified sternocleidomastoid (SCM) EMG evoked by transmastoid stimulation using current pulses of 4 mA intensity and 2 ms duration. In ten subjects we also examined the effects of unilateral vestibular stimulation with the indifferent electrode at the vertex. In further experiments we studied the effects of different levels of background muscle activation, head position, current intensity and current duration. We compared these responses with click-evoked vestibulocollic responses in SCM.
A clearly defined biphasic response, beginning with a surface positivity, was recorded in the SCM ipsilateral to the side of cathode placement in all subjects. We refer to this as the p13/n23 [g] (galvanic) response, given the close similarity, in terms of waveform and latencies, to the previously described click-evoked p13/n23 vestibulocollic response. The amplitude of this response was linearly related to background muscle activation, current intensity and current duration, but independent of head position. Unilateral galvanic stimulation revealed the p13/n23 [g] response to be solely generated by the cathode.
A biphasic response beginning with a surface negativity (n12/p20 [g]) contralateral to the cathode was seen in all subjects and was generated by both the cathode contralaterally and the anode ipsilaterally.
Both the p13/n23 [g] and n12/p20 [g] potentials were abolished by selective vestibular nerve section and unaffected by severe sensorineural deafness.
We conclude that galvanic stimulation evokes short-latency vestibulocollic reflexes. These vestibulocollic reflexes have properties that are distinct from those described for galvanic-evoked vestibular reflexes in leg muscles, and which may be related to their differing physiological roles.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  F. Deriu, E. Ortu, S. Capobianco, E. Giaconi, F. Melis, E. Aiello, J. C. Rothwell, and E. Tolu Origin of sound-evoked EMG responses in human masseter muscles J. Physiol., April 1, 2007; 580(1): 195 - 209. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Iwasaki, Y. Takai, H. Ozeki, K. Ito, S. Karino, and T. Murofushi Extent of Lesions in Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss With Vertigo: Study Using Click and Galvanic Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, October 1, 2005; 131(10): 857 - 862. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Brantberg, A. Ishiyama, and R. W. Baloh Drop attacks secondary to superior canal dehiscence syndrome Neurology, June 28, 2005; 64(12): 2126 - 2128. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Welgampola and J. G. Colebatch Characteristics and clinical applications of vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials Neurology, May 24, 2005; 64(10): 1682 - 1688. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Deriu, E. Tolu, and J. C. Rothwell A Sound-Evoked Vestibulomasseteric Reflex in Healthy Humans J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2005; 93(5): 2739 - 2751. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. C. Fitzpatrick and B. L. Day Probing the human vestibular system with galvanic stimulation J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2004; 96(6): 2301 - 2316. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M S Welgampola, S M Rosengren, G M Halmagyi, and J G Colebatch Vestibular activation by bone conducted sound J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, June 1, 2003; 74(6): 771 - 778. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. de Waele, R. Meguenni, G. Freyss, F. Zamith, N. Bellalimat, P.P. Vidal, and P. Tran Ba Huy Intratympanic gentamicin injections for Meniere disease Vestibular hair cell impairment and regeneration Neurology, November 12, 2002; 59(9): 1442 - 1444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. D. Watson, G. M. Halmagyi, and J. G. Colebatch Vestibular hypersensitivity to sound (Tullio phenomenon): Structural and functional assessment Neurology, February 8, 2000; 54(3): 722 - 722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
