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SKELETAL MUSCLE AND EXERCISE |
1 Muscle, Ions and Exercise Group, Centre for Ageing, Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport, School of Human Movement, Recreation and Performance, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
3 Department of Anaesthesiology, Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Abstract
Alkalosis enhances human exercise performance, and reduces K+ loss in contracting rat muscle. We investigated alkalosis effects on K+ regulation, ionic regulation and fatigue during intense exercise in nine untrained volunteers. Concentric finger flexions were conducted at 75% peak work rate (
3 W) until fatigue, under alkalosis (Alk, NaHCO3, 0.3 g kg–1) and control (Con, CaCO3) conditions, 1 month apart in a randomised, double-blind, crossover design. Deep antecubital venous (v) and radial arterial (a) blood was drawn at rest, during exercise and recovery, to determine arterio-venous differences for electrolytes, fluid shifts, acid–base and gas exchange. Finger flexion exercise barely perturbed arterial plasma ions and acid–base status, but induced marked arterio-venous changes. Alk elevated [HCO3–] and PCO2, and lowered [H+] (P < 0.05). Time to fatigue increased substantially during Alk (25 ± 8%, P < 0.05), whilst both [K+]a and [K+]v were reduced (P < 0.01) and [K+]a-v during exercise tended to be greater (P= 0.056, n= 8). Muscle K+ efflux at fatigue was greater in Alk (21.2 ± 7.6 µmol min–1, 32 ± 7%, P < 0.05, n= 6), but peak K+ uptake rate was elevated during recovery (15 ± 7%, P < 0.05) suggesting increased muscle Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Alk induced greater [Na+]a, [Cl–]v, muscle Cl– influx and muscle lactate concentration ([Lac–]) efflux during exercise and recovery (P < 0.05). The lower circulating [K+] and greater muscle K+ uptake, Na+ delivery and Cl– uptake with Alk, are all consistent with preservation of membrane excitability during exercise. This suggests that lesser exercise-induced membrane depolarization may be an important mechanism underlying enhanced exercise performance with Alk. Thus Alk was associated with improved regulation of K+, Na+, Cl– and Lac–.
(Received 14 July 2005;
accepted after revision 18 October 2005;
first published online 20 October 2005)
Corresponding author M. J. McKenna: School of Human Movement, Recreation and Performance, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Victoria, Australia. Email: michael.mckenna{at}vu.edu.au
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