| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
RESPIRATORY |
1 Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951763, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA
Inspiration and active expiration are commonly viewed as antagonistic phases of a unitary oscillator that generates respiratory rhythm. This view conflicts with observations we report here in juvenile rats, where by administration of fentanyl, a selective µ-opiate agonist, and induction of lung reflexes, we separately manipulated the frequency of inspirations and expirations. Moreover, completely transecting the brainstem at the caudal end of the facial nucleus abolished active expirations, while rhythmic inspirations continued. We hypothesize that inspiration and expiration are generated by coupled, anatomically separate rhythm generators, one generating active expiration located close to the facial nucleus in the region of the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group, the other generating inspiration located more caudally in the preBötzinger Complex.
(Received 19 September 2005;
accepted after revision 10 November 2005;
first published online 17 November 2005)
Corresponding author W. A. Janczewski: Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Box 951763, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1763, USA. Email: victoraj{at}mednet.ucla.edu
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  S. Wittmeier, G. Song, J. Duffin, and C.-S. Poon Pacemakers handshake synchronization mechanism of mammalian respiratory rhythmogenesis PNAS, November 18, 2008; 105(46): 18000 - 18005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. G. Guyenet The 2008 Carl Ludwig Lecture: retrotrapezoid nucleus, CO2 homeostasis, and breathing automaticity J Appl Physiol, August 1, 2008; 105(2): 404 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. B. Zoccal, A. E. Simms, L. G. H. Bonagamba, V. A. Braga, A. E. Pickering, J. F. R. Paton, and B. H. Machado Increased sympathetic outflow in juvenile rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia correlates with enhanced expiratory activity J. Physiol., July 1, 2008; 586(13): 3253 - 3265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Takakura, T. S. Moreira, R. L. Stornetta, G. H. West, J. M. Gwilt, and P. G. Guyenet Selective lesion of retrotrapezoid Phox2b-expressing neurons raises the apnoeic threshold in rats J. Physiol., June 15, 2008; 586(12): 2975 - 2991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. T. S. Pattinson Opioids and the control of respiration Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2008; 100(6): 747 - 758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Giraudin, M.-J. Cabirol-Pol, J. Simmers, and D. Morin Intercostal and Abdominal Respiratory Motoneurons in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord: Spatiotemporal Organization and Responses to Limb Afferent Stimulation J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2008; 99(5): 2626 - 2640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. A. Gray Transcription factors and the genetic organization of brain stem respiratory neurons J Appl Physiol, May 1, 2008; 104(5): 1513 - 1521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Ireland, F. C. Lenal, A. R. Lorier, D. E. Loomes, T. Adachi, T. S. Alvares, J. J. Greer, and G. D. Funk Distinct receptors underlie glutamatergic signalling in inspiratory rhythm-generating networks and motor output pathways in neonatal rat J. Physiol., May 1, 2008; 586(9): 2357 - 2370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Thoby-Brisson and J. J. Greer Anatomical and functional development of the pre-Botzinger complex in prenatal rodents J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2008; 104(4): 1213 - 1219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. G. Fortuna, G. H. West, R. L. Stornetta, and P. G. Guyenet Botzinger Expiratory-Augmenting Neurons and the Parafacial Respiratory Group J. Neurosci., March 5, 2008; 28(10): 2506 - 2515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-Z. Lee, D. D. Fuller, I-J. Lu, L.-C. Ku, and J.-C. Hwang Pulmonary C-fiber receptor activation abolishes uncoupled facial nerve activity from phrenic bursting during positive end-expired pressure in the rat J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2008; 104(1): 119 - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Smith, A. P. L. Abdala, H. Koizumi, I. A. Rybak, and J. F. R. Paton Spatial and Functional Architecture of the Mammalian Brain Stem Respiratory Network: A Hierarchy of Three Oscillatory Mechanisms J Neurophysiol, December 1, 2007; 98(6): 3370 - 3387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Taccola, L. Secchia, and K. Ballanyi Anoxic persistence of lumbar respiratory bursts and block of lumbar locomotion in newborn rat brainstem spinal cords J. Physiol., December 1, 2007; 585(2): 507 - 524. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Oku, H. Masumiya, and Y. Okada Postnatal developmental changes in activation profiles of the respiratory neuronal network in the rat ventral medulla J. Physiol., November 15, 2007; 585(1): 175 - 186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ruangkittisakul, L. Secchia, T. D. Bornes, D. M. Palathinkal, and K. Ballanyi Dependence on extracellular Ca2+/K+ antagonism of inspiratory centre rhythms in slices and en bloc preparations of newborn rat brainstem J. Physiol., October 15, 2007; 584(2): 489 - 508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Onimaru, K. Ikeda, and K. Kawakami Defective interaction between dual oscillators for respiratory rhythm generation in Na+,K+-ATPase {alpha}2 subunit-deficient mice J. Physiol., October 1, 2007; 584(1): 271 - 284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Fournier, M. Allard, S. Roussin, and R. Kinkead Developmental changes in central O2 chemoreflex in Rana catesbeiana: the role of noradrenergic modulation J. Exp. Biol., September 1, 2007; 210(17): 3015 - 3026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. A. Crowder, M. S. Saha, R. W. Pace, H. Zhang, G. D. Prestwich, and C. A. Del Negro Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate regulates inspiratory burst activity in the neonatal mouse preBotzinger complex J. Physiol., August 1, 2007; 582(3): 1047 - 1058. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. W. Pace, D. D. Mackay, J. L. Feldman, and C. A. Del Negro Inspiratory bursts in the preBotzinger complex depend on a calcium-activated non-specific cation current linked to glutamate receptors in neonatal mice J. Physiol., July 1, 2007; 582(1): 113 - 125. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Hayes and C. A. Del Negro Neurokinin Receptor-Expressing Pre-Botzinger Complex Neurons in Neonatal Mice Studied In Vitro J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2007; 97(6): 4215 - 4224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. R. McCrimmon and G. F. Alheid Reflexively inhibiting respiratory drive J. Physiol., April 1, 2007; 580(1): 3 - 3. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. J. Barnes, C.-M. Tuong, and N. M. Mellen Functional Imaging Reveals Respiratory Network Activity During Hypoxic and Opioid Challenge in the Neonate Rat Tilted Sagittal Slab Preparation J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 2283 - 2292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. L. Horner and T. D. Bradley Update in Sleep and Control of Ventilation 2006 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., March 1, 2007; 175(5): 426 - 431. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-Z. Lee, D. D. Fuller, L.-C. Tung, I-J. Lu, L.-C. Ku, and J.-C. Hwang Uncoupling of upper airway motor activity from phrenic bursting by positive end-expired pressure in the rat J Appl Physiol, March 1, 2007; 102(3): 878 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. M. St-John and J. C. Leiter Respiratory: High-frequency oscillations in phrenic activity during pontile and medullary respiratory rhythms in rats Exp Physiol, March 1, 2007; 92(2): 457 - 466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Saboisky, R. B. Gorman, A. De Troyer, S. C. Gandevia, and J. E. Butler Differential activation among five human inspiratory motoneuron pools during tidal breathing J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2007; 102(2): 772 - 780. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Funke, M. Dutschmann, and M. Muller Imaging of respiratory-related population activity with single-cell resolution Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): C508 - C516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Voituron, A. Frugiere, J. Champagnat, and L. Bodineau Hypoxia-sensing properties of the newborn rat ventral medullary surface in vitro J. Physiol., November 15, 2006; 577(1): 55 - 68. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Davis, G. Solhied, M. Castillo, M. Dwinell, D. Brozoski, and H. V. Forster Postnatal developmental changes in CO2 sensitivity in rats J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2006; 101(4): 1097 - 1103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Y. Fong and J. T. Potts Neurokinin-1 receptor activation in Botzinger complex evokes bradypnoea J. Physiol., September 15, 2006; 575(3): 869 - 885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Onimaru, Y. Kumagawa, and I. Homma Respiration-Related Rhythmic Activity in the Rostral Medulla of Newborn Rats J Neurophysiol, July 1, 2006; 96(1): 55 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. V. Forster, P. M. Lalley, J. Greer, E. E. Nattie, A. Li, C. A. D. Negro, P. A. Gray, M. Dutschmann, I. A. Rybak, T. E. Dick, et al. The parafacial respiratory group (pFRG)/pre-Botzinger complex (preBotC) is the primary site of respiratory rhythm generation in the mammal J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 2103 - 2108. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Onimaru, I. Homma, J. L. Feldman, and W. A. Janczewski Point:Counterpoint: The parafacial respiratory group (pFRG)/pre-Botzinger complex (preBotC) is the primary site of respiratory rhythm generation in the mammal J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2006; 100(6): 2094 - 2098. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. T. Takakura, T. S. Moreira, E. Colombari, G. H. West, R. L. Stornetta, and P. G. Guyenet Peripheral chemoreceptor inputs to retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) CO2-sensitive neurons in rats J. Physiol., April 15, 2006; 572(2): 503 - 523. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. G. Guyenet Novel two-rhythm generator theory of breathing in mammals J. Physiol., January 15, 2006; 570(2): 207 - 207. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
