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Received May 31, 2003
Revised June 23, 2003
Accepted after revision August 7, 2003
1C
carboxyl terminal
1 Georgetown University Medical Center & Chungnam National University
2 National Institute on Aging, NIH
3 Georgetown University Medical Center
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: moradm{at}georgetown.edu.
Ca2+ influx through L-type Cav1.2
(
1C) Ca2+ channels is a
critical step in the activation of cardiac ryanodine
receptors (RyRs) and release of Ca2+ (CICR).
The released Ca2+, in turn, is the dominant
determinant of inactivation of Ca2+ current
(ICa), and termination of release. Although
Ca2+ cross-signaling is mediated by high
Ca2+ fluxes in the micro domains of
1C/RyR complexes, ICa gated
Ca2+ cross-signaling is surprisingly
resistant to intracellular Ca2+ buffering,
and has steeply voltage-dependent gain, inconsistent
with a strict CICR mechanism, suggesting additional
regulatory step(s). To explore possible regulatory role
of carboxyl- (C-) terminal tail of
1C in modulating Ca2+ signaling,
we tested the effects of introducing two
1C C-terminal peptides, LA (1571-1599) and K
(1617-1636) on the central
1C-
unassociated Ca2+ release sites of atrial
myocytes, using rapid (240 Hz) two-dimensional confocal
Ca2+ imaging. The frequency of spontaneously
activating central sparks increased by ~4 fold on
dialyzing LA-, but not K-peptide into myocytes voltage-
clamped at -80 mV. The rate but not the magnitude of
caffeine (10 mM)-triggered central Ca2+
release was significantly accelerated by LA- but not K-
peptide. Individual Ca2+ spark size and flux
were larger in LA-, but not in K-peptide dialyzed
myocytes. Although LA-peptide did not change the
amplitude or inactivation kinetics of ICa, LA-
peptide did strongly enhance the central Ca2+
transients triggered by ICa at -30 (small
ICa) but not at +20 mV (large
ICa). In contrast, K-peptide had no effects
on either ICa or local Ca2+
transients. LA-peptide with deleted calmodulin-binding
region (LM1-peptide) had no significant effects on the
central spark frequency but suppressed spontaneous spark
frequency in the periphery. Our results indicate that
calmodulin-binding LA motif of the
1C
C-terminal tail may sensitize the RyRs, thereby
increasing their open probability and providing for both
the voltage-dependence of CICR and the higher frequency
of spark occurrence in the periphery of atrial myocytes
where the native
1C/RyR complexes are
intact.
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