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First published online on August 8, 2003.
Copyright © 2003 by The Physiological Society
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jphysiol.2003.048330v1
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Received May 31, 2003
Revised June 23, 2003
Accepted after revision August 7, 2003

Modulation of Ca2+ signaling in rat atrial myocytes: possible role of {alpha}1C carboxyl terminal

Sun-Hee Woo1, Nikolai M Soldatov2, and Martin Morad3*

1 Georgetown University Medical Center & Chungnam National University
2 National Institute on Aging, NIH
3 Georgetown University Medical Center

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: moradm{at}georgetown.edu.

Ca2+ influx through L-type Cav1.2 ({alpha}1C) Ca2+ channels is a critical step in the activation of cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and release of Ca2+ (CICR). The released Ca2+, in turn, is the dominant determinant of inactivation of Ca2+ current (ICa), and termination of release. Although Ca2+ cross-signaling is mediated by high Ca2+ fluxes in the micro domains of {alpha} 1C/RyR complexes, ICa gated Ca2+ cross-signaling is surprisingly resistant to intracellular Ca2+ buffering, and has steeply voltage-dependent gain, inconsistent with a strict CICR mechanism, suggesting additional regulatory step(s). To explore possible regulatory role of carboxyl- (C-) terminal tail of {alpha} 1C in modulating Ca2+ signaling, we tested the effects of introducing two {alpha} 1C C-terminal peptides, LA (1571-1599) and K (1617-1636) on the central {alpha} 1C- unassociated Ca2+ release sites of atrial myocytes, using rapid (240 Hz) two-dimensional confocal Ca2+ imaging. The frequency of spontaneously activating central sparks increased by ~4 fold on dialyzing LA-, but not K-peptide into myocytes voltage- clamped at -80 mV. The rate but not the magnitude of caffeine (10 mM)-triggered central Ca2+ release was significantly accelerated by LA- but not K- peptide. Individual Ca2+ spark size and flux were larger in LA-, but not in K-peptide dialyzed myocytes. Although LA-peptide did not change the amplitude or inactivation kinetics of ICa, LA- peptide did strongly enhance the central Ca2+ transients triggered by ICa at -30 (small ICa) but not at +20 mV (large ICa). In contrast, K-peptide had no effects on either ICa or local Ca2+ transients. LA-peptide with deleted calmodulin-binding region (LM1-peptide) had no significant effects on the central spark frequency but suppressed spontaneous spark frequency in the periphery. Our results indicate that calmodulin-binding LA motif of the {alpha}1C C-terminal tail may sensitize the RyRs, thereby increasing their open probability and providing for both the voltage-dependence of CICR and the higher frequency of spark occurrence in the periphery of atrial myocytes where the native {alpha}1C/RyR complexes are intact.


Key words: Atrial myocyte • Ca2+ channels • Calcium spark







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